ArticleEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin2021
Decline of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus detection in facility-based surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic, South Africa, January to October 2020.
Article in Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 153 citations in OpenAlex.
- Collateral Impact of Public Health and Social Measures on Respiratory Virus Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic 2020-2021.Viruses · 2022Pooled it
- Liquefied Petroleum Gas or Biomass Cooking and Severe Infant Pneumonia.The New England journal of medicine · 2024Trial
- Descriptive epidemiology of common respiratory pathogen infections in children: a retrospective cross-sectional study in Xinjiang, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- A study on the climate-driven spatiotemporal dynamics of influenza in Lanzhou spanning the COVID-19 era.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Shifts in epidemic patterns and age dynamics of RSV, IFV, and SARS-CoV-2 in Chinese children following COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical intervention relaxation, 2017 - 2024.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Observational
- Molecular Epidemiology of Pediatric Respiratory Infections in Xinjiang, China: A Cross-Sectional Study of Six Pathogens.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Three-stage interpretability analysis of influenza virus and meteorological correlation in Jiuquan City, 2016-2025: SARIMAX + TreeSHAP.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Changes in the Epidemiology of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus During 2020-2022 Relative to the Pre-COVID-19 Pandemic Period (2017-2020) From Systematic Sentinel Syndromic Surveillance in South Africa.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Spatio-temporal patterns and associated factors of influenza-like illness outbreaks in Chinese mainland: a Bayesian modeling study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The effect of mumps vaccine on the incidence of mumps in Hefei: An interrupted time-series analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Long-Term Epidemiological Trends of Human Adenovirus Infection in South Korea: A Single-Center Study (2007-2024).Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Infections in Hospitalized Children During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic.Viruses · 2025Article
- Respiratory virus circulation during pandemic: Why were some viruses still circulating?Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025Review
- Global, regional, and national characteristics of the main causes of increased disease burden due to the covid-19 pandemic: time-series modelling analysis of global burden of disease study 2021.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Article
- Prevalence of common respiratory viruses in children: insights from post-pandemic surveillance.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and genetic diversity of respiratory syncytial virus in adults 50 years and older with acute respiratory infections in Accra, Ghana.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of respiratory infections during the different levels of non-pharmaceutical interventions.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Cost-Effectiveness and Public Health Impact of Universal Prophylaxis with Nirsevimab Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infections in all Infants in Japan.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Article
- Shifts in Respiratory Virus Epidemiology on Reunion Island From 2017 to 2023: Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BackgroundIn South Africa, COVID-19 control measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 spread were initiated on 16 March 2020. Such measures may also impact the spread of other pathogens, including influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) with implications for future annual epidemics and expectations for the subsequent northern hemisphere winter.MethodsWe assessed the detection of influenza and RSV through facility-based syndromic surveillance of adults and children with mild or severe respiratory illness in South Africa from January to October 2020, and compared this with surveillance data from 2013 to 2019.ResultsFacility-based surveillance revealed a decline in influenza virus detection during the regular season compared with previous years. This was observed throughout the implementation of COVID-19 control measures. RSV detection decreased soon after the most stringent COVID-19 control measures commenced; however, an increase in RSV detection was observed after the typical season, following the re-opening of schools and the easing of measures.ConclusionCOVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions led to reduced circulation of influenza and RSV in South Africa. This has limited the country's ability to provide influenza virus strains for the selection of the annual influenza vaccine. Delayed increases in RSV case numbers may reflect the easing of COVID-19 control measures. An increase in influenza virus detection was not observed, suggesting that the measures may have impacted the two pathogens differently. The impact that lowered and/or delayed influenza and RSV circulation in 2020 will have on the intensity and severity of subsequent annual epidemics is unknown and warrants close monitoring.
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