Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34296458›Full record

ArticleAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences2021

A pragmatic regulatory approach for complex generics through the U.S. FDA 505(j) or 505(b)(2) approval pathways.

Kevin Klein, Gerrit Borchard, Vinod P Shah, Beat Flühmann, Scott E McNeil, Jon S B de Vlieger

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
5.3field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Kevin KleinFoundation Lygature, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Gerrit BorchardInstitute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Vinod P ShahVPS Consulting LLC, North Potomac, Maryland.
Beat FlühmannVifor Pharma Ltd., Glattbrugg, Switzerland.
Scott E McNeilDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Jon S B de VliegerFoundation Lygature, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Lygature · NLHES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland · CHUniversity of Basel · CHUniversity of the Potomac · USVifor Pharma (Switzerland) · CH

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The diverse nature of complex drug products poses challenges for the development of regulatory guidelines for generic versions. While complexity is not new in medicines, the technical capacity to measure and analyze data has increased. This requires a determination of which measurements and studies are relevant to demonstrate therapeutic equivalence. This paper describes the views of the NBCD Working Group and provides pragmatic solutions for approving complex generics by making best use of existing U.S. Food and Drug Administration's abbreviated approval pathways 505(j) and 505(b)(2). We argue that decisions on the appropriateness of submitting a 505(j) or 505(b)(2) application can build on the FDA's complex drug product classification as well as the FDA's much applauded guidance document for determining whether to submit an ANDA or a 505(b)(2) application. We hope that this paper contributes to the discussions to increase the clarity of regulatory approaches for complex generics, as well as the predictability for complex generic drug developers, to facilitate access to much-needed complex generics and to promote the sustainability of the healthcare system.

Indexed as

Drugs, GenericUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationDrug ApprovalHumansLegislation, DrugTherapeutic EquivalencyUnited StatesDrugs, Genericcomplex drugscomplex generic drug productsFDAfollow-on productsgenericsnonbiological complex drugs

Identifiers

PMID34296458
PMCPMC8597169
OpenAlexW3184002307

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.