ArticleJournal of gastrointestinal oncology2021
Profiles of immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Article in Journal of gastrointestinal oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Plasma cell-CD8+ T cell co-enrichment distinguishes immunotherapy-responsive hepatocellular carcinoma subtypes.eGastroenterology · 2026Article
- Expressional and prognostic value of cytokine receptor-like factor 3 in liver hepatocellular carcinoma patients via integrated bioinformatics analyses and experiments.SAGE open medicine · 2026Article
- Prognostic value of oxidative phosphorylation-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2024Article
- Article
- Identification of potential prognostic biomarkers among gene models for coiled-coil domain-containing family members in hepatocellular carcinoma elucidates their influence on the hypoxia pathway and immune microenvironment.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2023Article
- The Role of Protein SUMOylation in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Potential Target of New Drug Discovery and Development.Cancers · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThus far, few studies have systematically analyzed the profiles of immune cells infiltrated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, the purpose of our study was to comprehensively analyze the 22 tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and the immune subtypes of HCC, as well as the factors associated with the prognosis of HCC patients.
methodsIn this study, we evaluated the abundance of 22 tumor-infiltrating immunocytes of 371 HCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database by using the CIBERSORT algorithm, and defined immune subtypes of HCC according to unsupervised cluster analysis. The immune score of HCC patients was calculated by the prognostic regression model, while the survival analysis was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method. In addition, the consistency index of TIICs and principal component analysis (PCA) of immunomodulator genes were estimated.
resultsThe results of this study showed that three distinct immune subtypes of HCC were stratified, and the C1 subtype and C3 subtype were correlated with a good prognosis. The cellular composition of three immune subtypes was different. Moreover, immunomodulator gene and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) expression in the C1 subtype was significantly higher (P<0.05).
conclusionsThis suggested that the low immune score of HCC patients is associated with better clinical outcomes. In addition, the interaction network of cluster of differentiation CD8+ T cells was mainly concentrated in the C1 subtype. Taken together, this study showed that tumor-infiltrating immune cells can perhaps be an important determinant of clinical outcomes of patients with HCC and may provide biomarkers to reflect the immunotherapy response. Notably, the C1 subtype of HCC may be used as an important predictive factor for immunotherapy response.
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