ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Rituximab in Multiple Sclerosis: Are We Ready for Regulatory Approval?
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for progressive multiple sclerosis: a network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of rituximab in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Intranasal vs. Device-Assisted Drug Delivery: Advantages and Limitations for the Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals to the CNS.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Expert Opinion on Age-Related Sex Hormone Changes and Hypogonadism in People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Delphi Consensus Program.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2026Review
- Effectiveness of Rituximab in rElapsiNg Multiple SclErosis previously treated with hiGhly-Active Disease modifying thErapies (RENEGADE study).Journal of neurology · 2025Observational
- Real-World Perspectives on Switching Patients with Multiple Sclerosis from Anti-CD20 Therapy to Cladribine Tablets from USA-Based Advanced Practice Providers: A Podcast.Advances in therapy · 2025Article
- West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive Disease in Patients Treated With Anti-CD20 Therapies.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2025Article
- The Evolution of Anti-CD20 Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis: Optimization of Antibody Characteristics and Function.CNS drugs · 2025Review
- Chronic graft-versus-host disease myelitis successfully treated with rituximab.International journal of hematology · 2025Article
- Genetics of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: update on case reports with an inborn error of immunity and risk variants found in drug-linked cases.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- IRF5 mediates adaptive immunity via altered glutamine metabolism, mTORC1 signaling and post-transcriptional regulation following T cell receptor activation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Key characteristics of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies and clinical implications for multiple sclerosis treatment.Journal of neurology · 2024Review
- Efficacy and safety of rituximab in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Emerging Principles for Treating Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease (MOGAD).Current treatment options in neurology · 2023Article
- Rituximab for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Thailand: an economic evaluation and budget impact analysis.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Prior cycles of anti-CD20 antibodies affect antibody responses after repeated SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.JCI insight · 2023Article
- Article
- Oral and monoclonal antibody treatments for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis: Effectiveness and value.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite the availability of a lot of effective disease-modifying drugs, multiple sclerosis (MS) (in particular the progressive forms) still represents an important unmet medical need, because of issues in terms of effectiveness, duration of response, safety, and patient compliance. An increasing body of evidence from randomized clinical trials and real-world data suggest that rituximab is a highly effective alternative in both relapsing and progressive MS, with a low discontinuation rate, related to a good benefit/risk profile, and a good compliance. To date, the use of rituximab in patients with multiple sclerosis is not in accordance with the authorized product information (off-label use). However, the use of this medicine is widespread in several countries, and in some cases, it is the most commonly used disease-modifying drug for MS subtypes. This use could be officially recognized by national regulatory authorities, according to specific procedures, to ensure equal access for patients to a safe and effective option.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.