ReviewFrontiers in microbiology2021
Co-infections as Modulators of Disease Outcome: Minor Players or Major Players?
Review in Frontiers in microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Etiologic diagnosis of suspected tuberculous meningitis by multiplex PCR of cerebrospinal fluid.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- PCR-based detection of Chicken Anemia Virus and Escherichia coli co-infection in commercial poultry flocks in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Mycobacterium bovis induces cellular oxidative stress via the host protein SH3PXD2B.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Risk factors and outcomes of secondary co-infections in hospitalised COVID-19 patients in Malaysia: a case control study.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Co-circulation of multiple arboviruses in acute febrile patients in Yunnan, China, identified by metagenomic sequencing.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- The human immunome in the post-schistosomiasis mass drug administration era.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Review
- Development of in-house PCR assays and cross-sectional molecular surveillance of infectious pathogens in adverse pregnancy outcomes and neonatal sepsis in central India.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Meningitis diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes in rural, northern Uganda: 2015-2024.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Simultaneous and Sequential Coexposures ofmicroPublication biology · 2026Article
- Does Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) Represent a Poly-Herpesvirus Post-Virus Infectious Disease?Viruses · 2025Review
- Review
- Oropouche fever: Clinical characteristics and viral-bacterial coinfections in a region of the Peruvian Amazon: A cross-sectional study.IJID regions · 2025Article
- The relationships of viral and protozoal co-infections to Chlamydia pecorum infection and chlamydiosis outcomes in northern koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus).PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Modelling behavioural changes and vaccination in the transmission of respiratory viruses with co-infection.Journal of mathematical biology · 2025Article
- Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia: Seroprevalence and Risk Factors in Goats in Derashe Zone, Southern Ethiopia.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Article
- Efficiency of anthelmintic treatment and its effect on microparasite dynamics in wildInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2025Article
- Molecular mechanisms of co-infections.EMBO reports · 2025Review
- Toward Dual-Target Glycomimetics against Two Bacterial Lectins to FightJournal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Molecular epidemiology ofMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Fungal and bacterial pathogenic co-infections mainly lead to the assembly of microbial community in tobacco stems.Open life sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human host and pathogen interaction is dynamic in nature and often modulated by co-pathogens with a functional role in delineating the physiological outcome of infection. Co-infection may present either as a pre-existing pathogen which is accentuated by the introduction of a new pathogen or may appear in the form of new infection acquired secondarily due to a compromised immune system. Using diverse examples of co-infecting pathogens such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus,
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.