Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34295166›Full record

ArticleJournal of asthma and allergy2021

Omega-5 and Gamma Gliadin are the Major Allergens in Adult-Onset IgE-Mediated Wheat Allergy: Results from Thai Cohort with Oral Food Challenge.

Surapon Piboonpocanun, Torpong Thongngarm, Chamard Wongsa, Punchama Pacharn, Onrapak Reamtong, Mongkhon Sompornrattanaphan

Erratum issuedAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of asthma and allergy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Wheat allergy, a new and emerging threat of food allergy for children.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Prevalence and Clinical Symptoms of Wheat Allergy in Adults and Adolescents in Central Europe.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2025
    Article
  5. Exploring geographical variances in component-resolved diagnosis within the Asia-Pacific region.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2025
    Review
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Surapon PiboonpocanunInstitute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0003-4374-8003
Torpong ThongngarmDivision of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0002-3182-4614
Chamard WongsaDivision of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0002-5721-4881
Punchama PacharnDivision of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0002-2507-2057
Onrapak ReamtongDepartment of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Mongkhon SompornrattanaphanDivision of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0001-8419-0873

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundVarious clinical patterns based on routes of sensitization and sensitized allergens are reported in adult-onset IgE-mediated wheat allergy. There is still a paucity of data on IgE-bound wheat allergen profiles in wheat challenge-proven adult-onset wheat allergic cases. Therefore, we aim to identify the major sensitized allergens in Thai adult-onset wheat allergic patients whose first symptom occurred after the age of 18 years despite previous tolerance.

methodsThis cross-sectional pilot study recruited patients from the Thai Adult-onset IgE-mediated Wheat Allergy Cohort (TAWAC). The sera of patients with mostly challenge-proven cases were selected for allergen study, including ImmunoCAP and IgE-bound gliadins along with glutenins profiles. The IgE-bound proteins were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS/MS). Direct binding of IgE to recombinant gliadin and glutenin was performed to confirm the results of immunoblot and LC-MS/MS.

resultsEleven wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) and 4 typical wheat allergy (WA) patients were enrolled. Serum IgE from >50% of bound proteins had a molecular weight ranging from 35 to 55 kDa in both gliadin and glutenin extracts. Further, ELISA demonstrated that γ-gliadin and ω5-gliadin were the most important major allergens. Other major allergens include α/β-gliadin, HMW glutenin, and possibly α-amylase inhibitor or LWM glutenin. Gamma-gliadin sensitization was found in all WA patients (4/4), while ω-5 gliadin was found in all WDEIA patients (11/11) from ELISA.

conclusionWheat γ-gliadin and ω-5 gliadin are major wheat allergens among adult-onset wheat allergy patients in Thailand. Component-resolved diagnosis using γ-gliadin might be helpful in high suspicion of wheat allergy.

Indexed as

allergensanaphylaxisenzyme-linked immunosorbent assayfood allergygliadinsglutenimmediate hypersensitivityprolaminwheat allergy

Identifiers

PMID34295166
PMCPMC8290192

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.