ReviewNature human behaviour2021
Behavioural science is unlikely to change the world without a heterogeneity revolution.
Review in Nature human behaviour, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06792461 (A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Implementation of an eHealth Platform for Promoting Healthy Habits Among Adolescents From Socially Disadvantaged Settings), which is not on this map. Cited by 119 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Implementation of an eHealth Platform for Promoting Healthy Habits Among Adolescents From Socially Disadvantaged Settings: the ePro-Schools Project
Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A meta-analysis assessing the effectiveness of demand-side interventions for sustainable food consumption and food waste reduction.Nature food · 2026Pooled it
- Heterogeneity in gender differences in self-reported political preferences, trust, and well-being across 39 European countries.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and predictors of medical information avoidance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Applying an Equity Lens to Evidence-Based Preventive Interventions: a Systematic Review of Subgroup Findings from Experimental Evaluations.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2025Pooled it
- The effectiveness of nudging: A meta-analysis of choice architecture interventions across behavioral domains.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Pooled it
- A crowdsourced megastudy of 12 digital single-session interventions for depression in US adults.Nature human behaviour · 2026Trial
- A prosocial value intervention in gateway STEM courses.Journal of personality and social psychology · 2023Trial
- Peer-Modeled Mindsets: An Approach to Customizing Life Sciences Studying Interventions.CBE life sciences education · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Good science, poor visibility? Communicating behavioural nutrition and physical activity evidence in the algorithmic attention economy.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Article
- Algorithm-assisted personalized risk communication to encourage flu vaccination in the USA: three randomized field trials.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- Refining the role of behavioural and social sciences in pandemic response post-COVID-19.Nature human behaviour · 2026Review
- Representativeness and response validity across nine opt-in online samples.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- Article
- Fronto-Parietal EEG asymmetry interactions predict negative attention bias: A secondary data analysis.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Intersectional inequalities in childhood maltreatment and adolescent emotional problems in England: a random-coefficient MAIHDA analysis.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2026Article
- A tutorial for calculating field-specific effect size distributions.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- Same emotion, different stimuli: A context-sensitive method to evoke nostalgia.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- Effects of the AMPPS One-on-One Mathematics Intervention on Students' Complex Computation, Word-Problem Solving, and Math Self-Concept.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Digital Twins for Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs): Framework for Optimizing and Continually Improving JITAIs.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In the past decade, behavioural science has gained influence in policymaking but suffered a crisis of confidence in the replicability of its findings. Here, we describe a nascent heterogeneity revolution that we believe these twin historical trends have triggered. This revolution will be defined by the recognition that most treatment effects are heterogeneous, so the variation in effect estimates across studies that defines the replication crisis is to be expected as long as heterogeneous effects are studied without a systematic approach to sampling and moderation. When studied systematically, heterogeneity can be leveraged to build more complete theories of causal mechanism that could inform nuanced and dependable guidance to policymakers. We recommend investment in shared research infrastructure to make it feasible to study behavioural interventions in heterogeneous and generalizable samples, and suggest low-cost steps researchers can take immediately to avoid being misled by heterogeneity and begin to learn from it instead.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.