ArticleCommunications biology2021
The methylome of the model arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis, shares characteristics with early diverging fungi and Dikarya.
Article in Communications biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Soil to Cytoplasm: The Mycorrhizal Phosphorus Express and Its Regulatory Steps.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Epigenetic regulation of mycorrhizal symbioses: from plastic responses to transgenerational legacies.The New phytologist · 2026Review
- Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Reversible Adaptive Responses in Fungi.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Unveiling a pervasive DNA adenine methylation regulatory network in the early-diverging fungus Rhizopus microsporus.Nature communications · 2025Article
- A genomic perspective on fungal diversity and evolution.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Symmetric adenine methylation is an essential DNA modification in the early-diverging fungus Rhizopus microsporus.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Decoding the Dialog Between Plants and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: A Molecular Genetic Perspective.Genes · 2025Review
- The role of epigenetics in shaping plant-mycorrhizal interactions and ecosystem resilience.Frontiers in fungal biology · 2025Review
- Article
- N6-methyladenosine RNA methyltransferase CpMTA1 mediates CpAphA mRNA stability through a YTHDF1-dependent m6A modification in the chestnut blight fungus.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Symmetric and asymmetric DNA N6-adenine methylation regulates different biological responses in Mucorales.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Exploring the potential of endophyte-plant interactions for improving crop sustainable yields in a changing climate.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Review
- Short-term artificial adaptation ofFrontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- A highly contiguous genome assembly reveals sources of genomic novelty in the symbiotic fungus Rhizophagus irregularis.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Article
- DNA N6-Methyladenine Modification in Eukaryotic Genome.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Review
- Reciprocal recombination genomic signatures in the symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Rhizophagus irregularis.PloS one · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Early-diverging fungi (EDF) are distinct from Dikarya and other eukaryotes, exhibiting high N6-methyldeoxyadenine (6mA) contents, rather than 5-methylcytosine (5mC). As plants transitioned to land the EDF sub-phylum, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomeromycotina) evolved a symbiotic lifestyle with 80% of plant species worldwide. Here we show that these fungi exhibit 5mC and 6mA methylation characteristics that jointly set them apart from other fungi. The model AMF, R. irregularis, evolved very high levels of 5mC and greatly reduced levels of 6mA. However, unlike the Dikarya, 6mA in AMF occurs at symmetrical ApT motifs in genes and is associated with their transcription. 6mA is heterogeneously distributed among nuclei in these coenocytic fungi suggesting functional differences among nuclei. While far fewer genes are regulated by 6mA in the AMF genome than in EDF, most strikingly, 6mA methylation has been specifically retained in genes implicated in components of phosphate regulation; the quintessential hallmark defining this globally important symbiosis.
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