ArticleScientific reports2021
Cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal immunoglobulin gamma bands and long-term disability progression in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Biopsy-proven tumefactive demyelinating lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Early Prognostic Factors in Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical and Therapeutic Implications.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- Intrathecal immunoglobulin production in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Review
- Slowly Expanding Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.NeuroSci · 2026Review
- A machine learning model for predicting oligoclonal band positivity using routine cerebrospinal fluid and serum biochemical markers.American journal of clinical pathology · 2025Article
- Genetic Risk Variants for Multiple Sclerosis and Other Loci Linked to Intrathecal Immunoglobulin G Synthesis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Evolving the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis: A New Landscape in Light of the 2024 McDonald Criteria.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Refining Prognostic Factors in Adult-Onset Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review of Current Insights.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Sleep Disorders in a Sample of Patients with Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis: Focus on Restless Legs Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Acute ataxia in children: etiological spectrum and clinical characteristics.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Spinal cord lesions in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Prognostic value of intrathecal production of immunoglobulins.PloS one · 2025Article
- Diagnostic biomarkers for differentiating AQP4-IgG- negative NMOSD from other nervous system autoimmune disorders: a retrospective study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The role of immunoglobulin in cerebrospinal fluid on the differential diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis and viral encephalitis in children.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Identification and management of subclinical disease activity in early multiple sclerosis: a review.Journal of neurology · 2024Review
- Imaging phenotypic differences in multiple sclerosis: at the crossroads of aging, sex, race, and ethnicity.Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Review
- The elusive nature of the oligoclonal bands in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2024Review
- Multiple Sclerosis: New Insights into Molecular Pathogenesis and Novel Platforms for Disease Treatment.Current drug research reviews · 2024Review
- Absence of Oligoclonal Bands in Multiple Sclerosis: A Call for Differential Diagnosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Oligoclonal Band Status and Features of Radiological and Clinical Findings in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in Lithuania.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Multiple sclerosis plasma IgG aggregates induce complement-dependent neuronal apoptosis.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) oligoclonal bands (OCB) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have different genetic backgrounds and brain MRI features compared to those without. In this study, we aimed to determine whether CSF-OCB status is associated with long-term disability outcomes. We used Swedish MS register data on clinically definite MS patients with known OCB status. Date of birth, age at MS onset, and time to sustained Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) milestones 3, 4, and 6; time to conversion to secondary progressive (SP) MS, sex, and immunomodulatory treatment (IMTs) duration were collected. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to investigate the association between OCB status and risk of reaching each milestone. The OCB-positive group reached disability milestones at an earlier time and younger age. OCB-positivity significantly increased the risk of reaching EDSS 3.0 (HR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.48, P < 0.001) and 4.0 (HR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.63, P < 0.001). The OCB-positive group had a 20% higher risk of conversion to SPMS. CSF-OCB presence is associated with higher risk of reaching EDSS milestones and conversion to SPMS. Our findings suggest higher disease modifying effect of OCB presence in the early inflammatory stages of MS.
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