ArticleScientific reports2021
Cannabis constituents interact at the drug efflux pump BCRP to markedly increase plasma cannabidiolic acid concentrations.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cannabidiol in clinical and preclinical anxiety research. A systematic review into concentration-effect relations using the IB-de-risk tool.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2022Pooled it
- The Effect of Cannabis-Based Medicine in the Treatment of Cachexia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2021Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of cannabigerol in male mice.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2026Article
- Cannabidiolic acid as a modulator of lipid metabolism in the liver of rats with metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The role of polysubstance use in the development, maintenance, and treatment of stimulant use disorders.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- The differential effects of CBD and CBDA on viability and mRNA expression in colorectal cancer cells.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Physiological effect and pharmacokinetic evaluation of combined oral administration of cannabidiolic acid and cannabigerolic acid in dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- The Role of Cannabinoids and the Endocannabinoid System in the Treatment and Regulation of Nausea and Vomiting.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2026Review
- Dysregulation of the Cannabinoid System in Childhood Epilepsy: From Mechanisms to Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cannabidiol (CBD) as a potential therapeutic agent for liver cancer: a comprehensive review of current evidence.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Transporters and drug secretion into human breast milk.Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology · 2025Review
- Metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and bioavailability of cannabigerol in horses following intravenous and oral administration with micellar and oil formulations.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Limited 12-hour pharmacokinetic assessment of CBD and CBDA isolates compared to their full-spectrum extracts in healthy adult beagles.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Article
- Endocannabinoid system and phytocannabinoids in the main species of veterinary interest: a comparative review.Veterinary research communications · 2024Review
- Oral Cannabis consumption and intraperitoneal THC:CBD dosing results in changes in brain and plasma neurochemicals and endocannabinoids in mice.Journal of cannabis research · 2024Article
- Full spectrum cannabidiol-rich extract reduced propofol dosage required for anesthetic induction in dogs-a pilot study.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of single-dose enteral cannabidiol and cannabidiolic acid rich hemp in horses (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Sex Differences in Plasma, Adipose Tissue, and Central Accumulation of Cannabinoids, and Behavioral Effects of Oral Cannabis Consumption in Male and Female C57BL/6 Mice.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Decoding the Postulated Entourage Effect of MedicinalBiomedicines · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cannabis is a complex mixture of hundreds of bioactive molecules. This provides the potential for pharmacological interactions between cannabis constituents, a phenomenon referred to as "the entourage effect" by the medicinal cannabis community. We hypothesize that pharmacokinetic interactions between cannabis constituents could substantially alter systemic cannabinoid concentrations. To address this hypothesis we compared pharmacokinetic parameters of cannabinoids administered orally in a cannabis extract to those administered as individual cannabinoids at equivalent doses in mice. Astonishingly, plasma cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) concentrations were 14-times higher following administration in the cannabis extract than when administered as a single molecule. In vitro transwell assays identified CBDA as a substrate of the drug efflux transporter breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and that cannabigerol and Δ
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.