ArticleScientific reports2021
Long-term effects of malnutrition on severity of COVID-19.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk of Malnutrition in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Risk factors associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity among adults: a hospital-based cross-sectional study in Ningbo, China (2022-2025).Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Estimating the Causal Effect of Tooth Loss on the Critical Outcome of COVID-19.JDR clinical and translational research · 2026Article
- Global trends and hotspots in nutritional risk screening, assessment, and diagnosis: A bibliometric and visual analysis (1991-2024).Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Review
- Risk Factors for Long-Term Nutritional Disorders One Year After COVID-19: A Post Hoc Analysis of COVID-19 Recovery Study II.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Association between malnutrition and post-acute COVID-19 sequelae: A retrospective cohort study.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2024Article
- Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Pediatric COVID-19: A Retrospective Study.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Congenital anomalies and predisposition to severe COVID-19 among pediatric patients in the United States.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Large and unequal life expectancy declines during the COVID-19 pandemic in India in 2020.Science advances · 2024Article
- Malnutrition and the Post-Acute Sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Multi-Institutional Population-Based Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Potential of traditional medicines in alleviating COVID-19 symptoms.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Positive impact of nutrition in the prevention of peripheral vascular disease and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Gut microbiota, malnutrition, and immunity: COVID-19's confounding triad.Cell host & microbe · 2023Article
- Mean Temperature and Drought Projections in Central Africa: A Population-Based Study of Food Insecurity, Childhood Malnutrition and Mortality, and Infectious Disease.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Nutritional biomarkers as predictors of clinical outcomes between COVID-19 severity groups in a tertiary government hospital.Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2023Article
- Review
- Article
- Association of malnutrition with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in patients undergoing hemodialysis.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2022Article
- When the Pandemic Will Be Over: Lots of Hope and Some Concerns.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a public health crisis that has the potential to exacerbate worldwide malnutrition. This study examines whether patients with a history of malnutrition are predisposed to severe COVID-19. To do so, data on 103,099 COVID-19 inpatient encounters from 56 hospitals in the United States between March 2020 and June 2020 were retrieved from the Cerner COVID-19 Dataset. Patients with a history of malnutrition between 2015 and 2019 were identified, and a random intercept logistic regression models for pediatric and adult patients were built controlling for patient demographics, socioeconomic status, admission vital signs, and related comorbidities. Statistical interactions between malnutrition and patient age were significant in both the pediatric [log-odds and 95% confidence interval: 0.094 (0.012, 0.175)] and adult [- 0.014 (- 0.021, - 0.006] models. These interactions, together with the main effect terms of malnutrition and age, imply higher odds for severe COVID-19 for children between 6 and 17 years with history of malnutrition. Even higher odds of severe COVID-19 exist for adults (with history of malnutrition) between 18 and 79 years. These results indicate that the long-term effect of malnutrition predisposes patients to severe COVID-19 in an age-dependent way.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.