ArticleChild abuse & neglect2021
Child maltreatment and the development of psychopathology: The role of developmental timing and chronicity.
Article in Child abuse & neglect, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Depression Symptom Trajectories Following Child Maltreatment: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies from Adolescence to Young Adulthood.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2026Pooled it
- Global research landscape, knowledge structure, and emerging trends in adverse childhood experiences and personality disorders: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- Longitudinal associations between patterns of childhood adverse experiences and positive experiences and depression and anxiety symptom trajectories among college students.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Associations of childhood maltreatment types and timing with oxidative stress in formerly out-of-home placed young adults.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Variation in early-life maltreatment effects on adolescent psychopathology due to contamination.Journal of traumatic stress · 2026Observational
- Emotional Abuse in Childhood and Social Anxiety Symptoms in Adulthood: Examining the Role of Self-Compassion.Journal of child & adolescent trauma · 2026Article
- Maltreatment-Exposure Screening and Adolescent Mental Health: An Evidence-Based Medicine Perspective on Accuracy and Fairness.Journal of child & adolescent trauma · 2026Article
- Review
- Measurement congruence between record data and retrospective self-report measures of child maltreatment: do positive childhood experiences affect discrepancies?Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Transitions into and out of child maltreatment: differential effects on depressive symptoms and gender differences.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Disentangling the developmental cascades between adolescent maltreatment and internalizing and externalizing problems: From between-person differences to within-person changes.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2026Article
- Associations between perpetrator characteristics of child maltreatment, age of onset, and physical and mental health.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2026Article
- Empathy and mentalization as mediators between childhood maltreatment and social decision-making during adulthood.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Effects of Childhood Abuse on Emerging Adulthood Inflammation: Investigating Protective Characteristics.Child maltreatment · 2025Article
- Differential effects of childhood maltreatment types and timing on psychopathology in formerly out-of-home placed young adults.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Intergenerational continuity of multidimensional patterns of child maltreatment exposure: A person-centered approach.Development and psychopathology · 2025Article
- Understanding the Heterogeneity of Maltreatment Effect: the Role of Temperamental Sensitivity.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Article
- Neglect and Neurodevelopment: A Narrative Review Understanding the Link Between Child Neglect and Executive Function Deficits.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Community Violence Exposure and Eating Disorder Symptoms among Belgian, Russian and US Adolescents: Cross-Country and Gender Perspectives.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe effects of child maltreatment (CM) on psychopathology are well-established, yet the complex effects of timing and chronicity of maltreatment exposure on the development of psychopathology are still unclear.
objectiveTo elucidate developmental pathways from distinct dimensions of CM (chronicity and timing) to psychopathology during emerging adulthood using data from a longitudinal, multi-method study. PARTICIPANTS AND
settingChildren with and without maltreatment exposure were recruited at wave 1 (ages 10-12) to participate in a research summer camp. At wave 2, participants were recontacted during emerging adulthood (ages 18-22). The current study includes 391 participants (51.3% female; 77.5% Black, 11.3% white, 7.4% Hispanic, 3.8% other race).
methodsTiming and chronicity of maltreatment exposures were coded from child protective services records using the Maltreatment Classification System. Childhood internalizing and externalizing symptoms were assessed using child- and camp counselor-report. Emerging adults completed self-report questionnaires and were interviewed about their current and past symptoms of psychopathology. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate direct and indirect links between childhood maltreatment dimensions (chronicity and timing) to adult psychopathology via childhood internalizing and externalizing.
resultsChild maltreatment experiences that spanned several developmental periods, including both early and later childhood stages, predicted a cascade of both internalizing and externalizing symptoms in childhood that eventuated in greater symptoms of anxiety, depression, substance use disorder, and antisocial personality disorder in emerging adulthood.
conclusionsResults suggest that chronic childhood maltreatment exposure is associated with multifinality in psychopathology presentations that can be detected in childhood and extend into emerging adulthood. Early prevention and intervention efforts to promote positive and safe parenting are essential to decrease the burden of mental health symptoms conferred by chronic maltreatment exposures on individuals, families, and public health systems.
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