ReviewImmunology2021
Ectopic lymphoid follicles in progressive multiple sclerosis: From patients to animal models.
Review in Immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Inflammatory Signatures of Tinnitus in Patients and Mice.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Infectious Agents in Multiple Sclerosis: Viral Triggers, Antibody-Mediated Autoimmunity, and Parasitic Immunomodulation.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Insights and challenges on animal models for progressive multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- The meninges as a neuroimmune interface: structure, barriers and roles in CNS disease.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Review
- The potential role of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase in astrocyte BAFF expression and B cell activation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2026Article
- CAR T-Cell Immunotherapy in Neuroautoimmune Diseases: Focus on the Central Nervous System.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- High Phosphate Load Induces De Novo Formation of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in the Kidney.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Exploring the Pivotal Functions of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Cancer Prognosis and Immunotherapy Outcomes.Cancers · 2025Review
- Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: New Therapeutic Approaches.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2025Review
- Dural ectopic lymphatic structures accumulate during aging and exhibit dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Refining Prognostic Factors in Adult-Onset Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review of Current Insights.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicle-Derived MicroRNAs as a Biomarker for Therapeutic Response in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Observational
- Intrathecal interleukin-6 levels are associated with progressive disease and clinical severity in multiple sclerosis.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- A Window into New Insights on Progression Independent of Relapse Activity in Multiple Sclerosis: Role of Therapies and Current Perspective.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Clinical characteristics and factors associated with recurrence and long-term prognosis in patients with MOGAD.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Programming tissue-sensing T cells that deliver therapies to the brain.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- CXCL13 as a Biomarker: Background and Utility in Multiple Sclerosis.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Cellular and Immunological Analysis of 2D2/Th Hybrid Mice Prone to Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Comparison with 2D2 and Th Lines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Combination of tumor antigen drainage and immune activation to promote a cancer-immunity cycle against glioblastoma.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ectopic lymphoid follicles (ELFs), resembling germinal centre-like structures, emerge in a variety of infectious and autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. ELFs can be found in the meninges of around 40% of the investigated progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) post-mortem brain tissues and are associated with the severity of cortical degeneration and clinical disease progression. Of predominant importance for progressive neuronal damage during the progressive MS phase appears to be meningeal inflammation, comprising diffuse meningeal infiltrates, B-cell aggregates and compartmentalized ELFs. However, the absence of a uniform definition of ELFs impedes reproducible and comparable neuropathological research in this field. In this review article, we will first highlight historical aspects and milestones around the discovery of ELFs in the meninges of progressive MS patients. In the next step, we discuss how animal models may contribute to an understanding of the mechanisms underlying ELF formation. Finally, we summarize challenges in investigating ELFs and propose potential directions for future research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.