ArticlePloS one2021
An evaluation of the chemical content and microbiological contamination of Anatolian bee venom.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- In Vitro Ocular Cytotoxicity of BEE Venom in ARPE-19, NTM5, HCET, and HCEC-12 Cell Lines.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Article
- Physico-Chemical and Mineral Variability ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Bee venom and thymoquinone combination inhibits cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Bioactivity Exerted by theMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Assessing the Influence of Stimulatory Feeding of Bee Colonies on Mineral Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Bee Venom.Insects · 2025Article
- Article
- Green Innovation and Synthesis of Honeybee Products-Mediated Nanoparticles: Potential Approaches and Wide Applications.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of bee venom against multi-drug resistant pathogens.The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research · 2023Article
- Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Properties of Honey Bee Venom.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Apitherapy and Periodontal Disease: Insights into In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Studies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Correction: An evaluation of the chemical content and microbiological contamination of Anatolian bee venom.PloS one · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bee venom is a natural substance produced by worker bees. The aim of this research paper is to determine the characteristics of Anatolian bee venom by evaluating its chemical content and microbiological properties. Physical, chemical and microbiological analyses were performed on 25 bee venom samples from different areas of Anatolia, Turkey. Data obtained by 3-replicate studies were evaluated with normality and one-way and two-way ANOVA / Tukey tests. Chemical analyses of the bee venoms revealed average melittin, apamin, and phospholipase A2 contents of 40.57%, 2.12% and 13.67%, respectively. The results suggest that Anatolian bee venom has a high phospholipase A2 content compared to the previous literature. The results for apamin content were similar to those reported in other countries. Melittin content was within the range of standard values. Bee venom samples were also observed to have a high sugar content, associated with pollen and nectar contamination. Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts revealed no microbial development in 11 samples of bee venom. Staphylococcus aureus was not detected in any sample. A low microbial load was associated with a high phospholipase A2 content in the bee venom composition, thus contributing to its antimicrobial character. This study presents an examination of Anatolian bee venom in terms of chemical content and microbial quality. The examination of other components in addition to phospholipase A2, melittin and apamin in future studies, together with an analysis of antimicrobial properties will further our understanding of Anatolian bee venom.
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