Trial reportPloS one2021
Abundant intratumoral fibrosis prevents lymphocyte infiltration into peritoneal metastases of colorectal cancer.
Trial report in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Imaging tumor microenvironment heterogeneity in oral squamous cell carcinoma using IVIM DWI habitat analysis.European radiology experimental · 2026Article
- Intratumoral Fibrosis is a Potential Biomarker in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Liver Resection.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2026Article
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Gastrointestinal Cancer Metastasis: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- The Duality of Collagens in Metastases of Solid Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Macrophage-derived dendritic cells enhance antitumor immunity in a mouse model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Article
- Intraperitoneal infusion of NKG2D CAR-NK cells induces endogenous CD8Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Mendelian randomization and single-cell analysis reveal causal relationships between renal clear cell carcinoma, kidney fibrosis, and inflammatory factors.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Cell Biology of Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis: Multiclonal Seeding and Peritoneal Tumor Microenvironment.Cancer science · 2025Review
- Clinical Significance of Prior Ramucirumab Use on the Effectiveness of Nivolumab as the Third-Line Regimen in Gastric Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.Drugs - real world outcomes · 2024Article
- Fibrosis-Encapsulated Tumoroid, A Solid Cancer Assembloid Model for Cancer Research and Drug Screening.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
- Peritumoral Immune-suppressive Mechanisms Impede Intratumoral Lymphocyte Infiltration into Colorectal Cancer Liver versus Lung Metastases.Cancer research communications · 2023Article
- Article
- Cancer Microenvironment Defines Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Density and Tertiary Lymphoid Structure Formation in Laryngeal Cancer.Head and neck pathology · 2023Article
- Fibroblasts as Turned Agents in Cancer Progression.Cancers · 2023Review
- Article
- Cancer immune exclusion: breaking the barricade for a successful immunotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Expression of Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein in colorectal cancer is an adverse prognostic factor and correlates negatively with infiltrating immune cells and PD-L1 expression.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Article
- Advances in the management of peritoneal malignancies.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2022Review
- Migratory Engineering of T Cells for Cancer Therapy.Vaccines · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been reported to reflect the anti-tumor immune status. However, recent investigations have demonstrated that intratumoral fibrosis is important as a factor affecting the infiltration of TILs. This study investigated the organ specificities of TIL infiltration and intratumoral fibrosis in primary colorectal cancer and distant metastases, as well as the relationship between the distribution of TILs and intratumoral fibrosis.
methodsPatients who underwent resection of primary tumors or distant metastases for colorectal cancer with distant metastases were enrolled. We evaluated the TIL infiltration by immunohistochemical staining with CD3&CD8 and intratumoral fibrosis by immunohistochemical staining with α-SMA positive cancer-associated fibroblasts and Masson's trichrome staining against collagen fibers. The "ImageJ" was used to evaluate fibrosis, and the density of TILs in the dense and sparse areas of fibrosis was calculated. The Immunoscore (IS) was obtained based on the density of CD3+/CD8+TILs in the tumor center and invasive margin of the primary tumor.
resultsThe degree of CD3+/CD8+TIL infiltration in peritoneal metastases was significantly lower than that in liver and lung metastases. The area ratio of α-SMA positive cancer-associated fibroblasts and collagen fibers in peritoneal metastases was significantly higher than that of liver and lung metastases. Furthermore, the density of TILs in the high-fibrosis area was significantly lower than that in the low-fibrosis area. In the high-IS group of primary tumors, the degree of TIL infiltration in distant metastases was significantly higher than that in the low-IS group.
conclusionThe infiltration of T lymphocytes into tumors is prevented in peritoneal metastases of colorectal cancer due to the high intratumoral fibrosis, which may lead to treatment resistance and a poor prognosis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.