Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34292869›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021

Transparent communication about negative features of COVID-19 vaccines decreases acceptance but increases trust.

Michael Bang Petersen, Alexander Bor, Frederik Jørgensen, Marie Fly Lindholt

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
94citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
20.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

94 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 196 citations in OpenAlex.

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  11. The psychological ability to adopt recommended coping responses reduced infections during the COVID-19 pandemic.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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  14. Lessons in public trust.Nature medicine · 2026
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34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Michael Bang PetersenDepartment of Political Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark michael@ps.au.dk.ORCID 0000-0002-6782-5635
Alexander BorDepartment of Political Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-2624-9221
Frederik JørgensenDepartment of Political Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-5461-912X
Marie Fly LindholtDepartment of Political Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-8044-2559
Aarhus University · DK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

During the rapid development and rolling out of vaccines against COVID-19, researchers have called for an approach of "radical transparency," in which vaccine information is transparently disclosed to the public, even if negative information can decrease vaccine uptake. Consistent with theories about the psychology of conspiracy beliefs, these calls predict that a lack of transparency may reduce trust in health authorities and may facilitate the spread of conspiracy theories, which may limit the long-term capabilities of health authorities during and after the pandemic. On the basis of preregistered experiments conducted on large, representative samples of Americans and Danes (

Indexed as

COVID-19 VaccinesHealth CommunicationCOVID-19HumansPatient Acceptance of Health CareSARS-CoV-2TrustTruth DisclosureVaccinationCOVID-19 VaccinesCOVID-19health communicationtransparencytrustvaccine acceptance

Identifiers

PMID34292869
PMCPMC8307373
OpenAlexW3175029988

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.