SynthesisStrahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al]2021
Incidental axillary dose delivery to axillary lymph node levels I-III by different techniques of whole-breast irradiation: a systematic literature review.
Synthesis in Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al], 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hypofractionation with simultaneous integrated boost after breast-conserving surgery: Long term results of two phase-II trials.Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2022Trial
- Prognostic impact of radiotherapy dose to the axilla in cN + /ypN0 breast cancer after primary systemic therapy and sentinel lymph node biopsy: toward true de-escalation of axillary management.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Patient Selection for Partial Breast Irradiation in the Era of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Omission: A Narrative Review.Cancers · 2026Review
- De-escalation strategies in early breast cancer: implications of sentinel lymph node biopsy omission for adjuvant radiotherapy.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2025Article
- Impact of breath hold on regional nodal irradiation and heart volume in field in left breast cancer adjuvant irradiation.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2024Article
- Incidence of and Influencing Factors for Arm Lymphedema After Salvage Treatment for an Isolated Locoregional Recurrence of Breast Cancer.Journal of breast cancer · 2023Article
- Article
- A Prospective Study of Radiation Therapy After Immediate Lymphatic Reconstruction: Analysis of the Dosimetric Implications.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2023Article
- Incidental Axillary Dose of Tomotherapy in Hypofractionated Whole Breast Radiotherapy for Early Breast Cancer: A Dosimetrical Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Article
- The Impact of an Incidental Dose on Axillary Tumor Control and Toxicity in Localized Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis.Cancers · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveIn breast cancer treatment, radiotherapy is an essential component for locoregional management. Axillary recurrence in patients with invasive breast carcinoma remains an issue. The question of whether breast irradiation may unintentionally include levels I, II, and III, and may decrease the risk of axillary recurrence, remains a topic of discussion. PATIENTS AND
methodsA literature search was performed in PubMed and the Cochrane Library to identify articles that have published data regarding dose-volume analysis of axillary levels in breast irradiation. The following MESH terms were used: "breast cancer/lymph nodes" AND "radiotherapy dosage."
resultsThirteen articles were identified. The irradiation technique, initial dose prescribed to the breast, delineated volumes, and dose received at axillary levels were heterogeneous. The average dose delivered to axilla levels I, II, and III with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy using standard fields (ST) ranged between 22 and 43.5 Gy, 3 and 35.6 Gy, and 1.0 and 20.5 Gy, respectively. The average doses delivered to axilla levels I, II, and III with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy using "high tangential" fields (HT) ranged between 38 and 49.7 Gy, 11 and 47.1 Gy, and 5 and 44.7 Gy, respectively. Finally, the average doses delivered to axilla levels I, II, and III using intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) were between 14.5 and 42.6 Gy, 3.4 and 35 Gy, and 1.2 and 25.5 Gy, respectively.
conclusionOur literature review suggests that the incidental dose delivered to the axilla during whole-breast irradiation is heterogenous and dependent on the irradiation technique used. However, whether this observation can be translated into a therapeutic effect is still a matter of debate.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.