ReviewThe Journal of experimental medicine2021
Functional immune cell-astrocyte interactions.
Review in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microglia and neuroinflammation: function, heterogeneity, and crosstalk.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Microglia and neuroinflammation: function, heterogeneity, and crosstalk.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Glial cells in chronic inflammation: diversity, dysfunction and therapeutic targeting.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Nanomedicines and stroke: Advantages in chronic inflammation treatment and neural regeneration.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Neurotechnology-enabled closed-loop optogenetics for modulating autoimmune glial responses in experimental ADEM.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Ozanimod Reduces Serum Neurofilament Light Chain (NfL) and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and Modulates Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Patients with Low-to-Moderate Activity Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Observational
- Substance abuse and inflammation: consequences beyond the brain.Trends in immunology · 2026Review
- New Adjuvant Therapies for Obesity-Related Disorders Associated with Meta-Neuroinflammation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccination and the Immune-Brain Axis: Implications for Neuroprotection and Neurodegenerative Disease.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Pathology-directed drug delivery strategies: How to overcome blood-brain barrier for the treatment of brain diseases.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Curing the brain: in search for new astrocyte-specific therapies.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Multi-dimensional plasma proteomic profiling elucidates molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological networks in pediatric severe traumatic brain injury.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Retinal Amyloid Clearance Enhanced by 40-Hz Light Flicker via MHC-II+ Microglia Regulation in Mice.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- The dual effects of anesthetics on glial cells: a review of neuroprotection and neurotoxicity.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Special characteristics of human astrocytes and their roles in brain homeostasis.Neuroscience applied · 2026Review
- Regulatory T cells attenuate astrogliosis via IL-10/STAT3/PKC/vimentin signaling and promote neurological recovery after spinal cord injury.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- Peroxiredoxin 6 Alone or in Combination with Fingolimod Ameliorates EAE.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Article
- The cellular choreography of brain aging: a neuroimmune network perspective.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- "Stand by me": astrocyte-microglia crosstalk in central nervous system development, homeostasis, injury, and disease.Frontiers in network physiology · 2026Review
- Regulatory mechanisms and research progress of astrocytes in the neuro-endocrine-immune network.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Astrocytes are abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that control multiple aspects of health and disease. Through their interactions with components of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), astrocytes not only regulate BBB function, they also sense molecules produced by peripheral immune cells, including cytokines. Here, we review the interactions between immune cells and astrocytes and their roles in health and neurological diseases, with a special focus on multiple sclerosis (MS). We highlight known pathways that participate in astrocyte crosstalk with microglia, NK cells, T cells, and other cell types; their contribution to the pathogenesis of neurological diseases; and their potential value as therapeutic targets.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.