ReviewThe Journal of experimental medicine2021
Microglia in Alzheimer's disease at single-cell level. Are there common patterns in humans and mice?
Review in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 204 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
204 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 325 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sleep-neuroinflammation interactions in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review of biomarker pathways.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Cell type specific transcriptomic differences in depression show similar patterns between males and females but implicate distinct cell types and genes.Nature communications · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Guidelines for bioinformatics of single-cell sequencing data analysis in Alzheimer's disease: review, recommendation, implementation and application.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2022Pooled it
- Microglia activation by derepression of endogenous retroviruses drives inflammation and cellular senescence.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Microglia-derived extracellular vesicle content as a biomarker for early detection of Alzheimer's disease.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Th17 effector cytokines induce shared and distinct microglial and endothelial cell responses in a mouse model for post-streptococcal encephalitis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The Glial Autophagy-Lysosomal-Inflammation Axis in Alzheimer's Disease: a Unifying Mechanistic Framework.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- TREM2 in neurodegenerative diseases and acute neurological injuries: mechanisms to targeted therapies.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Recent advances in Alzheimer's disease: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.Cell · 2026Review
- High-Throughput CETSA Identifies Small Molecule Modulators of ILT3 (LILRB4) with Functional Activity in Human iPSC-Derived Microglia for Alzheimer's Disease.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2026Article
- Zika virus infection induces a persistent accumulation of Alzheimer's disease-like Tau phosphorylation in adult immunocompetent mice in association with memory and social behavior impairments.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- Comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic atlas of microglia in Alzheimer's disease mouse models.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Spatial proteomic analysis in human Alzheimer's disease brains enables identification of microenvironment-dependent microglial cell states.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Review
- Lymphoid-like Suppressive Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: A New Neuroimmune Regulatory Axis?Cells · 2026Review
- Expression of GPR34 in microglia remains stable in human Alzheimer's disease.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Article
- Aging-dependent microglial heterogeneity worsens outcomes in models of traumatic brain injury.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Integration of Transcriptional Signatures from Brain Tissue and Plasma Extracellular Vesicles of a Preclinical Tauopathy Mouse Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The phytosterol 24(S)-saringosterol alters lipid homeostasis and inflammatory pathways in a cell-specific manner.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2026Article
144 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by extracellular aggregates of amyloid β peptides, intraneuronal tau aggregates, and neuronal death. This pathology triggers activation of microglia. Because variants of genes expressed in microglia correlate with AD risk, microglial response to pathology plausibly impacts disease course. In mouse AD models, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses delineated this response as progressive conversion of homeostatic microglia into disease-associated microglia (DAM); additional reactive microglial populations have been reported in other models of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. We review all of these microglial signatures, highlighting four fundamental patterns: DAM, IFN-microglia, MHC-II microglia, and proliferating microglia. We propose that all reported microglia populations are either just one or a combination, depending on the clustering strategy applied and the disease model. We further review single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) data from human AD specimens and discuss reasons for parallels and discrepancies between human and mouse transcriptional profiles. Finally, we outline future directions for delineating the microglial impact in AD pathogenesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.