ReviewInflammation2021
Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy and Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction.
Review in Inflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 152 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
152 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 233 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanism-informed diagnostic accuracy of blood biomarkers for sepsis-associated encephalopathy: a systematic review and Bayesian diagnostic network meta-analysis.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- New trends and hotspots in Sepsis-associated encephalopathy research: a bibliometric and visualization analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Diagnostic models for sepsis-associated encephalopathy: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Neuropsychiatric Involvement in Hospitalized COVID-19 Is Embedded in Multi-Organ Disease: A Retrospective Five-Axis Record-Derived Phenotype Atlas with Renal-Urinary Prognostic Dominance.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Improving the Outcome of Brain-Injured Patients by Non-Continuous Feeding to Prevent Dysbiosis.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Covert hepatic encephalopathy as a multi-organ syndrome: the gut-liver-muscle-brain axis, diagnosis, treatment, and multidisciplinary care.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Transcriptome and Experimental Verification Identified Candidate Biomarkers Related to Mitochondrial Metabolism in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Article
- Real-world analysis of depression-related adverse events associated with the adsorbed anthrax vaccine: integrating pharmacovigilance signals, machine learning risk prediction, and transcriptomic mechanisms.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Taohe Chengqi Decoction Attenuates Cognitive Impairment in Experimental Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Probable sepsis-associated encephalopathy as a component of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in a cat with pyothorax.Australian veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Admission 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with Poor Outcomes in ICU Patients with Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy (SAE).Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Ulinastatin Treatment Associated with Lower Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy Risk in Sepsis Patients: A Multicenter Observational Study.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Observational
- ARISE framework: a temporal, multi-organ view of perfusion in sepsis.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Review
- Hippocampal cytopathology orchestrates post-septic cognitive dysfunction.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
- Invasive Cerebral Oximetry: What Can Go Wrong? Seven Pitfalls you should know.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Aquaporin-4 Modulation in Sepsis: Inhibitors and Facilitators.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Clinical Significance of Serum Soluble Klotho Levels in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy: A Single-Center Prospective, Preliminary Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Association between the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and 28-day all-cause mortality in sepsis-associated delirium patients: a retrospective study and machine learning.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial dysfunction in neonatal brain injury: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic interventions.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
92 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening clinical condition caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common but poorly understood neurological complication of sepsis, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. SAE clinical presentation may range from mild confusion and delirium to severe cognitive impairment and deep coma. Important mechanisms associated with SAE include excessive microglial activation, impaired endothelial barrier function, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. Endotoxemia and pro-inflammatory cytokines produced systemically during sepsis lead to microglial and brain endothelial cell activation, tight junction downregulation, and increased leukocyte recruitment. The resulting neuroinflammation and BBB dysfunction exacerbate SAE pathology and aggravate sepsis-induced brain dysfunction. In this mini-review, recent literature surrounding some of the mediators of BBB dysfunction during sepsis is summarized. Modulation of microglial activation, endothelial cell dysfunction, and the consequent prevention of BBB permeability represent relevant therapeutic targets that may significantly impact SAE outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.