ReviewJournal of neurology2021
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome and brain haemorrhage as COVID-19 complication: a review of the available literature.
Review in Journal of neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome in patients with COVID-19 infection: is there a link? A systematic review and case report analysis.Journal of neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Spontaneous atraumatic pediatric basal ganglia hemorrhage in the setting of COLGALT1-related collagenopathy: illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2026Article
- Cross-sectional analysis of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in pregnant women with and without HELLP syndrome.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Irreversible vision loss in antiphospholipid syndrome complicated by pre-eclampsia: a case presentation and literature review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Review
- Association between renal insufficiency and lesion characteristics of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Observational
- Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient under maintenance haemodialysis: a case report.BMC nephrology · 2023Article
- Advances in Management of the Stroke Etiology One-Percenters.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2023Review
- Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19 With Acute Encephalopathy and Coma: An International Prospective Study.Neurology · 2023Observational
- Coronavirus Disease: Subacute to Chronic Neuroimaging Findings.Neuroimaging clinics of North America · 2023Review
- Article
- Neurological Manifestations in a Cohort of Egyptian Patients with COVID-19: A Prospective, Multicenter, Observational Study.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Ischemic Stroke in a Patient with Stable CADASIL during COVID-19: A Case Report.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following appendicitis in a young child: A case report and review of the pediatric literature.SAGE open medical case reports · 2021Article
- Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) following blood transfusion in a polytrauma victim, an atypical occurrence.Turkish journal of emergency medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with various neurological manifestations. Since patients affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection present coagulation and immune system dysregulation, ischemic or haemorragic stroke is not uncommon, irrespective of respiratory distress. However, the occurrence of focal neurological deficits together with other symptoms like headache, cortical blindness, seizure and altered mental status should prompt the diagnosis of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES). Antithrombotic treatment, the alteration of endothelial function, and coagulopathy due to COVID-19 and PRES leading to the breakdown of blood-brain barrier may then contribute to the occurrence of a brain haemorrhage.
methodsWe describe the case of a COVID-19 patient who developed bilateral occipital lobe haemorrhages suggestive of haemorrhagic PRES. We then reviewed the available literature about haemorrhagic evolution of PRES in COVID-19.
resultsWe describe the clinical and radiological features of five COVID-19 patients who developed haemorrhagic PRES.
conclusionsCoagulopathy and endothelial dysfunction resulting from the massive release of cytokines during the host immune response may be key factors in the pathogenesis of COVID-19-related PRES. Antithrombotic therapy and the leakage of the blood-brain barrier can subsequently increase the risk of haemorrhagic transformation of the lesioned brain tissue. A prompt diagnosis of PRES is mandatory, since the timely interruption/reversal of antithrombotic therapy may be a key determinant for a good prognosis.
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