Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2021
Metabolomics of the tryptophan-kynurenine degradation pathway and risk of atrial fibrillation and heart failure: potential modification effect of Mediterranean diet.
Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolomics and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Dietary interventions in the management of atrial fibrillation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Circulating Amino Acids and Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease in the PREDIMED Trial.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Trial
- Targeted Quantitative Metabolomics and Lipidomics Reveal Dysregulated Metabolic Networks and a Serum Candidate Biomarker for Atrial Fibrillation.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Metabolomic Profiles and Changes During the 20 Years Preceding Heart Failure.Circulation research · 2026Article
- Metabolic Signatures of Atrial Functional Impairment in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Patients: A CMR Strain-metabolomics Study.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026Article
- Review
- Tryptophan Metabolism in Cardiometabolic Diseases: Focus on the Kynurenine Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Beneficial Effects of Olive Oil and the Mediterranean Diet on Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia: A Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Modulation of the Kynurenine Pathway: A New Approach for Treating Neurodegeneration.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Qizaobaoxin Decoction ameliorates doxorubicin/trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity by modulating gut microbiota and associated metabolites.MedScience · 2026Article
- Untargeted-targeted metabolomics: energy metabolism characteristics in heart failure staging and discovery of novel biomarkers.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- The Kynurenine Metabolite 3-Hydroxykynurenine is Associated With Risk of Heart Failure in Patients With Predominantly Stable Coronary Artery Disease.International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR · 2026Article
- Prognostic value of tryptophan catabolism-base scores in acute myocardial infarction patients.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in cardiovascular diseases: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Acupuncture and Metabolic-Mitochondrial Remodeling in Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Research Recommendations.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Association Between the Dutch Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND-NL) Diet Adherence and Systemic Tryptophan Metabolites in Older Adults at Risk of Cognitive Decline: An Exploratory Study.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- The Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease.Cardiovascular research · 2025Review
- Unraveling the connection between the Mediterranean diet and sleep health: from biological mechanisms to clinical implications.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2025Review
- Effects of zacopride and multidimensional impacts of cross-kingdom symbiosis: gut microbiota modulates coronary microvascular dysfunction via the chlorophyll/heme-tryptophan metabolic axis.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
23 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe tryptophan-kynurenine pathway is linked to inflammation. We hypothesize that metabolites implicated in this pathway may be associated with the risk of heart failure (HF) or atrial fibrillation (AF) in a population at high risk of cardiovascular disease.
objectivesWe aimed to prospectively analyze the associations of kynurenine-related metabolites with the risk of HF and AF and to analyze a potential effect modification by the randomized interventions of the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) trial with Mediterranean diet (MedDiet).
methodsTwo case-control studies nested within the PREDIMED trial were designed. We selected 324 incident HF cases and 502 incident AF cases individually matched with ≤3 controls. Conditional logistic regression models were fitted. Interactions with the intervention were tested for each of the baseline plasma metabolites measured by LC-tandem MS.
resultsHigher baseline kynurenine:tryptophan ratio (OR for 1 SD: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.43) and higher levels of kynurenic acid (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.40) were associated with HF. Quinolinic acid was associated with AF (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.32) and HF (OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.49). The MedDiet intervention modified the positive associations of kynurenine (Pinteraction = 0.006), kynurenic acid (Pinteraction = 0.008), and quinolinic acid (Pinteraction = 0.033) with HF and the association between kynurenic acid and AF (Pinteraction = 0.02).
conclusionsWe found that tryptophan-kynurenine pathway metabolites were prospectively associated with higher HF risk and to a lesser extent with AF risk. Moreover, an effect modification by MedDiet was observed for the association between plasma baseline kynurenine-related metabolites and the risk of HF, showing that the positive association of increased levels of these metabolites and HF was restricted to the control group.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.