Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34290783›Full record

ArticlePakistan journal of medical sciences

Frequency of Vitamin-D deficiency in children with Urinary tract infection: A descriptive cross-sectional study.

Saba Qadir, Shazia Memon, Muhammad Nadeem Chohan, Yasmeen Memon

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pakistan journal of medical sciences. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 31% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Association between vitamin D levels and urinary tract infections.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Saba QadirDr. Saba Qadir, MBBS, FCPS. Medical Officer, Department of Pediatrics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan.
Shazia MemonProf. Shazia Memon, MBBS, FCPS. Department of Pediatrics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan.
Muhammad Nadeem ChohanDr. M. Nadeem Chohan, MBBS, FCPS. Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan.
Yasmeen MemonDr. Yasmeen Memon, MBBS, FCPS. Professor of Pediatrics, Isra Medical University, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan.
Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences · PKIsra University · PK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo determine Vitamin-D status in children with urinary tract infection.

methodsA Cross-sectional study was done at Pediatric Department, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, from July 2019 to March 2020. A total of 172 children of either gender from 2 to 60 months of age with confirmed urinary tract infection (UTI) (having positive urine C/S report) were included in the study. The child who received antibiotics 48 hours prior or already on immunosuppressive drugs and steroids from previous health record or by taking clinically relevant history), children with CKD on vitamin-D supplementation, and known case of Vitamin-D deficiency were also excluded from the study. All study participants were evaluated for vitamin-D level by high performance liquid chromatography. Urine sample was collected for C/S and 1 cc venous blood was taken for Vitamin D status (ng/ml). The mean ± standard deviation (SD) and stratification was calculated for age, duration of urinary tract infection and vitamin-D level. Post stratification chi-square test was applied for all categorical variables at 95% confidence interval (CI) and P-value ≤0.05 was considered significant.

resultsThe average age of the patients was 41.51±18.34 months. There were 130 (75.58%) females and 40 (23.25%) males. Most common complaint of the children was fever 150 (87.21%). Vomiting was present in 31 (18.02%), abdominal pain 22 (12.79%) and dysuria in 15 (8.72%) children. A total of 129 (75%) children had pyelonephritis and 15 (25%) had cystitis. (Frequency of vitamin-D deficiency in children with diagnosed UTI was 45.93% (79/172). Mild vitamin D deficiency was present in 42 (53.16%) children, while moderate deficiency in 55 (69.62%) children.

conclusionThe frequency of urinary tract infection is more common in children having vitamin D deficiency.

Indexed as

ChildrenUrinary Tract InfectionVitamin D deficiency

Identifiers

PMID34290783
PMCPMC8281175
OpenAlexW3157599449

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.