ReviewNature2021
A multilayered immune system through the lens of unconventional T cells.
Review in Nature, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Entering the Age of Specificity in T Cell Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Review
- The language of the immune system: Part 1: Cytokine conversations and conversationalists.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Review
- Loss of Major Histocompatibility Complex I and II Function in the Genome of Glacier Lanternfish Provides Insight Into Evolution of Vertebrate Immune Systems.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Intestinal resident effector-memory CD4 T cells on the adaptive-innate spectrum comprise IL-18 reactivity and adaptive CMV specificity.Science advances · 2026Article
- Tissue-specific clonal selection and differentiation of CD4⁺ T cells during infection.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Insights into the Biochemical and Immune Mechanisms in Drug-Induced Liver Injury Pathogenesis.Chemical research in toxicology · 2026Review
- MHC in newts illuminates the evolutionary dynamics of complex regions in giant genomes.Genome research · 2026Article
- The Role of Innate T Cells in Inflammatory Disorders in Asthma and Chronic Rhinosinusitis.Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology · 2026Review
- Modulation of Inflammation-Driven Hepatocarcinogenesis: The Hepatic Immune Microenvironment, Gut-Liver Axis, and Neuroregulation.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2026Review
- Multifaceted mechanisms of unconventional T cells in ischemia-reperfusion injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- LANTERN: TCR-peptide binding predictionPeerJ · 2026Article
- The role of immune cells in Hantaan-induced hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Editorial: Community series in the role of CD1- and MR1-restricted T cells in immunity and disease: volume III.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells in Skin Immunity: Metabolic Regulation, Tissue Adaptation, and Roles in Skin Inflammation and Disease.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2026Review
- Modeling TCR-pMHC Binding with Dual Encoders and Cross-Attention Fusion.Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine · 2025Article
- Molecular recognition of natural compounds by MR1 and their implication in MAIT cell activation elucidated through McMD-based dynamic docking simulations.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Human gut bacteria produce structurally related monoglycolipids with contrasting immune functions.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The unconventional T cell compartment encompasses a variety of cell subsets that straddle the line between innate and adaptive immunity, often reside at mucosal surfaces and can recognize a wide range of non-polymorphic ligands. Recent advances have highlighted the role of unconventional T cells in tissue homeostasis and disease. In this Review, we recast unconventional T cell subsets according to the class of ligand that they recognize; their expression of semi-invariant or diverse T cell receptors; the structural features that underlie ligand recognition; their acquisition of effector functions in the thymus or periphery; and their distinct functional properties. Unconventional T cells follow specific selection rules and are poised to recognize self or evolutionarily conserved microbial antigens. We discuss these features from an evolutionary perspective to provide insights into the development and function of unconventional T cells. Finally, we elaborate on the functional redundancy of unconventional T cells and their relationship to subsets of innate and adaptive lymphoid cells, and propose that the unconventional T cell compartment has a critical role in our survival by expanding and complementing the role of the conventional T cell compartment in protective immunity, tissue healing and barrier function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.