Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34290370›Full record

ReviewMolecular psychiatry2022

The neuroendocrinology of stress: the stress-related continuum of chronic disease development.

Agorastos Agorastos, George P Chrousos

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Molecular psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 190 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
190citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

190 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Biological Markers of Burnout Severity: A Systematic Review.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. The Fundamental Frequency of Voice as a Potential Stress Biomarker: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2025
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
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  18. The theory of the inflammatory ecosystem.Science China. Life sciences · 2026
    Review
  19. Physiological and Proteomic Responses to Chronic Stress and the Effects ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
    Article
  20. Article

130 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Agorastos AgorastosII. Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. aagorast@auth.gr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4801-4957
George P ChrousosUniversity Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Stress is defined as a state of threatened homeodynamic balance by a wide range of intrinsic or extrinsic, real or perceived challenges or stimuli, defined as stressors. To preserve this optimal homeodynamic state within a physiologic range, organisms have developed a highly sophisticated system, the stress system, which serves self-regulation and adaptability of the organism by energy redirection according to the current needs. Repeated, ephemeral, and motivating stress states lead to adaptive responses and response habituations, being fairly beneficial; in contrast, inadequate, aversive, excessive, or prolonged stress may surpass the regulatory capacity and adjustive resources of the organism and produce maladaptive responses and a chronically altered homeodynamic state associated with compromised mental and physical health and life expectancy. Neuroendocrine responses to stress depend on developmental timing, duration, time of day and nature of stressors leading to a vulnerable phenotype with disrupted stress reactivity (i.e., hyper- or hypoactivation of the stress system), impaired glucocorticoid signaling, and accumulated cacostatic load with cumulatively elevated long-term risk of mental and physical morbidity. This article offers a brief overview on the organization and physiology of the human stress system and its (re)activity, refreshes the plethora of somatic effects of acute and chronic stress and discusses a conceptual model of acute and chronic stress pathophysiology as a continuum in chronic disease development.

Indexed as

NeuroendocrinologyStress, PhysiologicalChronic DiseaseGlucocorticoidsHumansNeurosecretory SystemsStress, PsychologicalGlucocorticoids

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.