ArticleTranslational psychiatry2021
Contributing factors to advanced brain aging in depression and anxiety disorders.
Article in Translational psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Post-traumatic stress disorder moderates the association between BrainAge acceleration and GrimAge acceleration.Neurobiology of aging · 2026Pooled it
- Brain Aging in Specific Phobia: An ENIGMA-Anxiety Mega-Analysis.Human brain mapping · 2026Pooled it
- Structural brain correlates in major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of virtual reality technology on negative emotions in the elderly: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- BrainAGE, brain health, and mental disorders: A systematic review.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Accelerated Brain Aging in Adults With Major Depressive Disorder Predicts Poorer Outcome With Sertraline: Findings From the EMBARC Study.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2023Trial
- The Transdiagnostic Association Between Childhood Trauma and Accelerated Brain Aging in Two Independent Datasets.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Genetically informed dissection of multimodal brain aging and ten major psychiatric disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Generalizable and explainable deep learning for brain MRI: a multi-cohort evaluation of 3D architectures for age and sex prediction.Brain informatics · 2026Article
- Brain Ageing in Social Anxiety Disorder: An ENIGMA-Anxiety Mega-Analysis Across 26 International Cohorts.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Accelerated Brain Aging in Young Women with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.Experimental neurobiology · 2026Article
- Brain age prediction in generalized anxiety disorder using a convolutional neural network.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Myokine Irisin Represents an Indirect Pathway Linking Exercise to Hippocampal Subfields Relevant to Alzheimer's Disease and Neurogenesis.Aging cell · 2026Article
- The moderating role of psychological resilience on brain aging and PTSD in a community sample of South African women.Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Article
- Personalized functional topography-based multisite brain age prediction modeling reveals divergent neurodevelopment in major depression.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Brain Age in Conduct Disorder:: A Mega-Analysis of the ENIGMA Antisocial Behavior Working Group.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Brain Age Disparities in Psychosis Across DSM Diagnoses and B-SNIP Biotypes.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Frontal Cortex Entropy Derived From Resting-State fNIRS for Brain Age Prediction in Major Depressive Disorder.Depression and anxiety · 2026Article
- Association Between Intergenerational Relationship With Adult Children and Anxiety-Depression Comorbidity Symptoms in Older Women in China: A National Study Using Latent Profile Analysis.Depression and anxiety · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are common and often comorbid mental health disorders that represent risk factors for aging-related conditions. Brain aging has shown to be more advanced in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Here, we extend prior work by investigating multivariate brain aging in patients with MDD, anxiety disorders, or both, and examine which factors contribute to older-appearing brains. Adults aged 18-57 years from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety underwent structural MRI. A pretrained brain-age prediction model based on >2000 samples from the ENIGMA consortium was applied to obtain brain-predicted age differences (brain PAD, predicted brain age minus chronological age) in 65 controls and 220 patients with current MDD and/or anxiety. Brain-PAD estimates were associated with clinical, somatic, lifestyle, and biological factors. After correcting for antidepressant use, brain PAD was significantly higher in MDD (+2.78 years, Cohen's d = 0.25, 95% CI -0.10-0.60) and anxiety patients (+2.91 years, Cohen's d = 0.27, 95% CI -0.08-0.61), compared with controls. There were no significant associations with lifestyle or biological stress systems. A multivariable model indicated unique contributions of higher severity of somatic depression symptoms (b = 4.21 years per unit increase on average sum score) and antidepressant use (-2.53 years) to brain PAD. Advanced brain aging in patients with MDD and anxiety was most strongly associated with somatic depressive symptomatology. We also present clinically relevant evidence for a potential neuroprotective antidepressant effect on the brain-PAD metric that requires follow-up in future research.
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