ArticleImmunoHorizons2021
Inflammatory Cell Death, PANoptosis, Mediated by Cytokines in Diverse Cancer Lineages Inhibits Tumor Growth.
Article in ImmunoHorizons, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 149 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
149 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 175 citations in OpenAlex.
- Necroptosis in pancreatic cancer: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Pooled it
- Relative bioavailability and food effect of the galectin-3 inhibitor selvigaltin (GB1211) administered as a tablet in healthy participants (GALBA-1).Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2024Trial
- Role of PANoptosis in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic insights.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Programmed cell death in inflammation: interactions and holistic perspective.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- PhSAN induces PANoptosis via targeting RNF25-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress.Cell insight · 2026Article
- PANoptosis in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes.Molecular oncology · 2026Review
- PANoptosis in life and death across cell types: From innate immunity to therapeutic implications.Cell chemical biology · 2026Review
- Integrated PANoptosis Profiling Identifies Immunosuppressive Subtypes and a Prognostic Signature With Functional Validation of MLKL in Glioblastoma.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- mTORC1 suppression by Trp53 mutation drives resistance to immune checkpoint blockade.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Decoding PANoptosis: Crosstalk of cell death pathways in immunity and inflammation.Immunologic research · 2026Review
- Nanoparticle-based strategies targeting disulfidptosis, anoikis, and PANoptosis for enhanced cancer therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Metal-dependent regulated cell death: Molecular architecture and translational frontiers.iMeta · 2026Review
- Role of PANoptosis in intestinal diseases and its therapeutic implications.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Research progress on PANoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2026Review
- Unravelling the role of PANoptosis in diseases: from emerging molecular mechanisms-to-therapeutic implications.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Review
- [Clinical Progress and Prospects of mRNA Tumor Drugs].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2026Review
- Harnessing PANoptosis for Innate Immune Response.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Article
- cGAS-STING and PANoptosis: Interplay, Underlying Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Targets.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Exploring the prognostic value and biomarker of TEX11 in breast cancer via PANoptosis.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Synergistic Combination of Hypericin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy and HIF-1α siRNA Inhibits Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via Inducing PANoptosis in vitro.Cancer management and research · 2026Article
89 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Resistance to cell death is a hallmark of cancer. Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade therapy, drives immune-mediated cell death and has greatly improved treatment outcomes for some patients with cancer, but it often fails clinically. Its success relies on the cytokines and cytotoxic functions of effector immune cells to bypass the resistance to cell death and eliminate cancer cells. However, the specific cytokines capable of inducing cell death in tumors and the mechanisms that connect cytokines to cell death across cancer cell types remain unknown. In this study, we analyzed expression of several cytokines that are modulated in tumors and found correlations between cytokine expression and mortality. Of several cytokines tested for their ability to kill cancer cells, only TNF-α and IFN-γ together were able to induce cell death in 13 distinct human cancer cell lines derived from colon and lung cancer, melanoma, and leukemia. Further evaluation of the specific programmed cell death pathways activated by TNF-α and IFN-γ in these cancer lines identified PANoptosis, a form of inflammatory cell death that was previously shown to be activated by contemporaneous engagement of components from pyroptosis, apoptosis, and/or necroptosis. Specifically, TNF-α and IFN-γ triggered activation of gasdermin D, gasdermin E, caspase-8, caspase-3, caspase-7, and MLKL. Furthermore, the intratumoral administration of TNF-α and IFN-γ suppressed the growth of transplanted xenograft tumors in an NSG mouse model. Overall, this study shows that PANoptosis, induced by synergism of TNF-α and IFN-γ, is an important mechanism to kill cancer cells and suppress tumor growth that could be therapeutically targeted.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.