ArticleCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2021
Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress among Adult Former Smoker, Current E-Cigarette Users-Results from Wave 1 PATH Study.
Article in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systemic and Salivary Cytokine Levels among Adult E-Cigarette Users: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Pooled it
- Oxidative Stress as a Potential Mechanistic Bridge Between Electronic Cigarette Components and Chronic Disease: A Combined Narrative and Bibliometric Analysis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A Narrative Review of the Potential Impact of Next-Generation Tobacco and Nicotine Products on Cardiovascular Health.Cureus · 2026Review
- Predictors of cigarette discontinuation and reduction among adults never planning to quit smoking: Longitudinal findings from the U.S. Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, 2014/15-2021.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2026Article
- Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction and Increased Oxidative Stress in Conventional Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes: Heart Rate Variability as a Cardiovascular Predictor.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- Decoding E-Cigarette Secrets: Unveiling Saliva and E-Liquid Composition through Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Estimating lung cancer risk from e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products: applications of a tool based on biomarkers of exposure and of potential harm.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- E-cigarettes and arterial health: A review of the link between vaping and atherosclerosis progression.World journal of cardiology · 2024Review
- DNA Methylation Patterns Associated with Tinnitus in Young Adults-A Pilot Study.Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO · 2024Article
- Assessing the Relationship between Biomarkers of Exposure and Biomarkers of Potential Harm: PATH Study Wave 1 (2013 to 2014).Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- Racial and ethnic disparities in biomarkers of exposure and potential harm among U.S. adult exclusive e-cigarette users: 2013-2019.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Testicular tissue response following a 90-day subchronic exposure to HTP aerosols and cigarette smoke in rats.Toxicology research · 2023Article
- Review
- Understanding heterogeneity among individuals who smoke cigarettes and vape: assessment of biomarkers of exposure and potential harm among subpopulations from the PATH Wave 1 Data.Harm reduction journal · 2022Article
- Cardiovascular Outcomes among Combustible-Tobacco and Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) Users in Waves 1 through 5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, 2013-2019.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
27 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFormer smokers who currently use e-cigarettes have lower concentrations of biomarkers of tobacco toxicant exposure than current smokers. It is unclear whether tobacco toxicant exposure reductions may lead to health risk reductions.
methodsWe compared inflammatory biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL6, fibrinogen, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and an oxidative stress marker (F2-isoprostane) among 3,712 adult participants in Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study by tobacco user groups: dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes; former smokers who currently use e-cigarettes-only; current cigarette-only smokers; former smokers who do not currently use any tobacco; and never tobacco users. We calculated geometric means (GM) and estimated adjusted GM ratios (GMR).
resultsDual users experienced greater concentration of F2-isoprostane than current cigarette-only smokers [GMR 1.09 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.03-1.15)]. Biomarkers were similar between former smokers who currently use e-cigarettes and both former smokers who do not use any tobacco and never tobacco users, but among these groups most biomarkers were lower than those of current cigarette-only smokers. The concentration of F2-isoprostane decreased by time since smoking cessation among both exclusive e-cigarette users (
conclusionsDual users have greater concentration of F2-isoprostane than smokers. Exclusive e-cigarette users have biomarker concentrations that are similar to those of former smokers who do not currently use tobacco, and lower than those of exclusive cigarette smokers. IMPACT: This study contributes to an understanding of the health effects of e-cigarettes.
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Registered trials
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