ArticleGlobal spine journal2022
Direct Cost of Illness for Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review.
Article in Global spine journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of the Impact of Spinal Cord Injury on Costs and Health-Related Quality of Life.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2024Pooled it
- Neurorehabilitation with vagus nerve stimulation: a systematic review.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Contemporary Review of Classification, Evaluation, and Acute Management.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Adapting international clinical practice guidelines for rehabilitation management of acute spinal cord injury in Iran.Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi · 2026Article
- Inpatient Outcomes in Geriatric Complete Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: Associations Between Surgical Management and Reduced Mortality Despite Increased Morbidity.Global spine journal · 2026Article
- Predicting Low and Non-Responders and Outliers in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- ROS-Responsive Trifluoperazine Prodrug Nanoparticles and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Synergistically Modulate Astrocyte Phenotype for Spinal Cord Injury Repair.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness of (sub)acute rehabilitation services for spinal cord injury: a retrospective cohort analysis.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2026Article
- Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Promotes Spinal Cord Injury Recovery by Regulating Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Factors associated with long-term survival after traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord injury: a 12-year population-based retrospective cohort study in Italy.Spinal cord · 2026Article
- Barriers to Community Reintegration for People with Spinal Cord Injury in Rwanda: A Qualitative Study.Rwanda journal of medicine and health sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Sexual rehabilitation support experiences of Australian adults living with a spinal cord injury.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2026Article
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Traumatic and Non-Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries: Insights from Nearly Five Decades of Evidence with Single-Center Experience.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- An Intuitive, Bidirectional, and Adaptive Functional Electrical Stimulation System for Hand Rehabilitation.IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2026Article
- Minocycline in Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-Analysis of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence.Archives of academic emergency medicine · 2026Review
- Timing of rehabilitation initiation and rehabilitation duration, and related factors in occupational injuries: a single-center retrospective analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Risk factors related to traumatic spinal cord injury outcomes: An analysis of the US National Trauma Data Bank.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2026Article
- Safety and Efficacy of Therapeutic Hypothermia in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Management: A Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis.Archives of academic emergency medicine · 2026Review
- AAD-2004 through clearing HScientific reports · 2025Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
designSystematic review.
objectiveProviding a comprehensive review of spinal cord injury cost of illness studies to assist health-service planning.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review of the literature published from Jan. 1990 to Nov. 2020 via Pubmed, EMBASE, and NHS Economic Evaluation Database. Our primary outcomes were overall direct health care costs of SCI during acute care, inpatient rehabilitation, within the first year post-injury, and in the ensuing years.
resultsThrough a 2-phase screening process by independent reviewers, 30 articles out of 6177 identified citations were included. Cost of care varied widely with the mean cost of acute care ranging from $290 to $612,590; inpatient rehabilitation from $19,360 to $443,040; the first year after injury from $32,240 to $1,156,400; and the ensuing years from $4,490 to $251,450. Variations in reported costs were primarily due to neurological level of injury, study location, methodological heterogeneities, cost definitions, study populations, and timeframes. A cervical level of the injury, ASIA grade A and B, concomitant injuries, and in-hospital complications were associated with the greatest incremental effect in cost burden.
conclusionThe economic burden of SCI is generally high and cost figures are broadly higher for developed countries. As studies were only available in few countries, the generalizability of the cost estimates to a regional or global level is only limited to countries with similar economic status and health systems. Further investigations with standardized methodologies are required to fill the knowledge gaps in the healthcare economics of SCI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.