ArticleBioengineered2021
All-trans-retinoic acid suppresses rat embryo hindlimb bud mesenchymal chondrogenesis by modulating HoxD9 expression.
Article in Bioengineered, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heterotopic Ossification: Molecular Drivers, Subtype-Specific Mechanisms, and Translational Therapeutic Advances.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- RETRACTION: miR-135a Targets SMAD2 to Promote Osteosarcoma Proliferation and Migration.Journal of oncology · 2026Article
- GLI3 is Inhibited by miR-143-3p and Attenuates Septic-induced Lung Injury and Inflammation by Targeting SFRP1.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2026Article
- Article
- Mesenchymal retinoic acid signaling is required for normal diaphragm development in mice.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Amplifications of EVX2 and HOXD9-HOXD13 on 2q31 in mature cystic teratomas of the ovary identified by array comparative genomic hybridization may explain teratoma characteristics in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis.Journal of ovarian research · 2024Article
- Inhibition of HOXD11 promotes cartilage degradation and induces osteoarthritis development.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2024Article
- Clinically diverse and perinatally lethal syndromes with urorectal septum malformation sequence.American journal of medical genetics. Part A · 2023Review
- Integrated regulation of chondrogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells and differentiation of cancer cells.Cancer cell international · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In vertebrates, 5'-Hoxd genes (Hoxd9), which are expressed in the hindlimb bud mesenchyme, participate in limb growth and patterning in early embryonic development. In the present study, We investigated the mechanisms by which ATRA regulates cultured E12.5 rat embryo hindlimb bud mesenchymal cells (rEHBMCs). Following exposure to ATRA over 24 h, mRNA and protein expression levels of HoxD9 were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and western blotting. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis. ATRA inhibited the condensation and proliferation, and promoted the apoptosis rate of the rEHBMCs in a dose-dependent manner. Sox9 and Col2a1 in rEHBMCs were downregulated by ATRA in a dose-dependent manner at both mRNA and protein levels. Similarly, HoxD9 was downregulated by ATRA in a dose-dependent manner, in parallel with the cartilage-specific molecules Sox9 and Col2a1. Both qPCR and western blotting showed that both Shh and Gli3 were downregulated. Overexpression of HoxD9 reversed the effects of ATRA. These results demonstrate that ATRA suppresses chondrogenesis in rEHBMCs by inhibiting the expression of HoxD9 and its downstream protein targets, including Sox9 and Col2a1. This effect may also be correlated with inhibition of the Shh-Gli3 signaling pathway.
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