SynthesisBrain and behavior2021
Neural mechanisms underlying the Rubber Hand Illusion: A systematic review of related neurophysiological studies.
Synthesis in Brain and behavior, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neural mechanisms underlying the Rubber Hand Illusion: A systematic review of related neurophysiological studies.Brain and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- Cortical neuromodulation by vibration-induced illusion of movement is observed in older individuals, but not in individuals with acute stroke: a cross-sectional fNIRS study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- From localization to distribution: revisiting the functional organization of the extrastriate body area.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026Review
- The effects of mirror visual feedback involved network priming on embodiment perception in healthy subjects: a proof-of-concept study.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- EEG-based brain-computer interface with immersive virtual reality for phantom limb pain: a single-center pilot neurofeedback trial.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- How pain and body representations transform each other: A narrative review.Journal of neuropsychology · 2025Review
- Visual effects on tactile stimulation and its perception: A pilot study using near-infrared spectroscopy.MethodsX · 2024Article
- Shaping corticospinal pathways in virtual reality: effects of task complexity and sensory feedback during mirror therapy in neurologically intact individuals.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- No reduction in motor-evoked potential amplitude during the rubber hand illusion.Brain and behavior · 2023Article
- Measuring embodiment: A review of methods for prosthetic devices.Frontiers in neurorobotics · 2022Review
- Comparison of Sensory Observation and Somatosensory Stimulation in Mirror Neurons and the Sensorimotor Network: A Task-Based fMRI Study.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Bodily Illusions and Motor Imagery in Fibromyalgia.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Article
- "Tricking the Brain" Using Immersive Virtual Reality: Modifying the Self-Perception Over Embodied Avatar Influences Motor Cortical Excitability and Action Initiation.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionMany researchers took advantage of the well-established rubber hand illusion (RHI) paradigm to explore the link between the sense of body ownership and the different brain structures and networks. Here, we aimed to review the studies that have investigated this phenomenon by means of neurophysiological techniques.
methodsThe MEDLINE, accessed by Pubmed and EMBASE electronic databases, was searched using the medical subject headings: "Rubber hand illusion" AND "Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)" OR "Evoked potentials (EP)" OR "Event related potentials (ERP)" OR "Electroencephalography (EEG)".
resultsTranscranial magnetic stimulation studies revealed a significant excitability drop in primary motor cortex hand circuits accompanying the disembodiment of the real hand during the RHI experience and that the perceived ownership over the rubber hand is associated with normal parietal-motor communication. Moreover, TMS provided causal evidence that the extrastriate body area is involved in the RHI and subsequently in body representation, while neuromodulation of ventral premotor area and the inferior parietal lobe did not result in an enhancement of embodiment. EP and ERP studies suggest that pre-existing body representations may affect larger stages of tactile processing and support predictive coding models of the functional architecture of multisensory integration in bodily perceptual experience. High-frequency oscillations on EEG play a role in the integrative processing of stimuli across modalities, and EEG activity in γ band activity in the parietal area reflects the visuotactile integration process. EEG studies also revealed that RHI is associated with the neural circuits underlying motor control and that premotor areas play a crucial role in mediating illusory body ownership.
conclusionNeurophysiological studies shed new light on our understanding of the different aspects that contribute to the formation of a coherent self-awareness in humans.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.