Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34288197›Full record

ArticleJournal of sleep research2022

The impact of the end of COVID confinement on pandemic dreams, as assessed by a weekly sleep diary: a longitudinal investigation in Italy.

Serena Scarpelli, Maurizio Gorgoni, Valentina Alfonsi, Ludovica Annarumma, Valentina Di Natale, Emilio Pezza, Luigi De Gennaro

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of sleep research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Lucid Dreaming: Not Just Awareness, but Agency.Journal of sleep research · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Dreaming during the COVID-19 pandemic: A narrative review.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022
    Review
  15. Observational
  16. The Oneiric Activity during and after the COVID-19 Total Lockdown in Italy: A Longitudinal Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Serena ScarpelliDepartment of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9260-7111
Maurizio GorgoniDepartment of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5544-5483
Valentina AlfonsiIRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9929-0399
Ludovica AnnarummaDepartment of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Valentina Di NataleDepartment of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Emilio PezzaDepartment of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Luigi De GennaroDepartment of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3613-6631

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Coronavirus 2019 pandemic strongly affected our sleep and dream activity. Many cross-sectional studies highlighted increased dream recall frequency, and revealed a great presence of pandemic-related oneiric contents. Here, we present the first prospective study carried out on an Italian sample. One-hundred subjects were requested to fill out a web-survey including socio-demographic information, and questionnaires collecting sleep and clinical measures during lockdown. A final sample of 90 subjects participated in the longitudinal protocol lasting 2 weeks: (a) the first week (April 28-May 4) of full lockdown; and (b) the second week (May 5-May 11) of easing of restrictions. Subjects were asked to record at home their dream experiences, and complete a sleep-dream diary each morning. Statistical comparisons showed that participants had higher numbers of awakenings, lower ease of falling asleep, higher dream recall and lucid dream frequency during lockdown than post-lockdown. Further, subjects reported more dreams, including "being in crowded places" during post-lockdown than lockdown. The poorer sleep quality during lockdown is quite consistent with previous findings. The relationship between traumatic events and dream recall frequency confirmed the idea of pandemic as "collective trauma". Also, we hypothesized that the greater presence of lucid dreams during confinement could reflect the attempt to cope with the waking pandemic-experiences. Finally, the presence of crowded places into dream scenarios during the second week of our protocol appears consistent with the continuity-hypothesis, as the possibility to access places frequented by other people could represent a relevant experience after a long period of confinement.

Indexed as

COVID-19PandemicsCommunicable Disease ControlCross-Sectional StudiesHumansProspective StudiesSARS-CoV-2SleepSleep QualityCOVID-19dreamingItalian lockdownlucid dreampandemicsleep

Identifiers

PMID34288197
PMCPMC8420281

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.