ReviewAnnals of surgical oncology2021
Persistent Disparities in Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction and Strategies for Mitigation.
Review in Annals of surgical oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Patient decision aids in breast surgery and breast reconstruction reduce decisional conflict: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Pooled it
- Post-Mastectomy Breast Reconstruction Disparities: A Systematic Review of Sociodemographic and Economic Barriers.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Pooled it
- Racial Differences in Breast Cancer Treatment and Information Access.Journal of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Annals of Surgical Oncology Landmark Series Disparities in Surgical Oncology: Breast Cancer.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Review
- Lower Commercial Rates for Breast Surgical Procedures are Associated with Socioeconomic Disadvantage: A Transparency in Coverage Analysis.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- ASO Author Reflections: The Intersection of Price Transparency and Health Equity.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Living Flat: Stories from Women of Color After Mastectomy.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- A Regional Analysis of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Initiatives in Plastic Surgery Residency Programs.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Racial Disparities in Plastic Surgery Outcomes: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Racial Disparities in Postoperative Breast Reconstruction Outcomes: A National Analysis.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Implementation of BREASTChoice , a Multilevel Breast Reconstruction Decision Support Tool With Personalized Risk Prediction.Annals of surgery · 2024Article
- Patient Characteristics and Spending Among Individuals Undergoing Ambulatory Panniculectomy and Abdominoplasty in the US from 2016 to 2019.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2024Article
- Regional Implicit Racial Bias and Rates of Breast Reconstruction, Complications, and Cost Among US Patients With Breast Cancer.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Racial Disparities in Breast Reconstruction at a Comprehensive Cancer Center.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2022Article
- Closing the Gap: Training Experiences and Career Outcomes for Underrepresented Minorities in Plastic Surgery.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2022Article
- Financial Toxicity Considerations in Breast Reconstruction: Recommendations for Research and Practice.Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's HealthArticle
- Reconstructive surgery and immigration status among females with breast cancer.Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgieArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
For many women, breast reconstruction is an essential component of the breast cancer care continuum after mastectomy. Despite postmastectomy breast reconstruction now being a standard of care, numerous studies over the past decade have documented persistent racial disparities in breast reconstruction rates, physician referral patterns, and patient knowledge of their reconstructive options. These disparities have disproportionately impacted women of color-most specifically, African American women. Recent data have revealed racial differences in patient comorbidities, informed decision-making satisfaction, and clinical outcomes after breast reconstruction. Explicitly, African American women have significantly more risk factors for complications and less baseline knowledge regarding reconstructive options than white women. With a recent heightened attention focused on social determinants of health, studies designed to improve these racial differences have demonstrated promising results through educational outreach to underserved communities, implementation of tailored legislation promoting inclusion, diversity, and equity, and encouragement of additional recruitment of ethnically underrepresented-in-medicine surgeons. This study uses a targeted review of the literature to provide a summary of racial disparities in breast reconstruction for African American women, with our perspective on opportunities for improvement.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.