Trial reportEuropean journal of nutrition2022
Differential metabolism of choline supplements in adult volunteers.
Trial report in European journal of nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Choline supplementation in preterm infants: effects of four different supplements on choline plasma concentrations.European journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Different choline supplement metabolism in adults using deuterium labelling.European journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Choline supplementation for preterm infants: metabolism of four Deuterium-labeled choline compounds.European journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Review
- Article
- Choline, a nexus for neurocognitive nutrients: A narrative review.Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- The role of choline in neurodevelopment.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Aging-associated decline of phosphatidylcholine synthesis is a malleable trigger of natural mitochondrial aging.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Fatty liver reexamined choline and mitochondrial toxin amelioration.World journal of biological chemistry · 2025Review
- Contrasting Effects of Phosphatidylcholine and Betaine Supplementation on Embryonic Development in a Mouse Model of the MTHFD1 R653Q Variant.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Choline in Pediatric Nutrition: Assessing Formula, Fortifiers and Supplements Across Age Groups and Clinical Indications.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Article
- Effects of an 8-week intake of lysolecithin on cognitive function and concentrations of blood choline and lysophosphatidylcholine: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2025Article
- Common genetic polymorphisms define one-carbon metabolite responses to different forms of choline in healthy adult males.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Choline-An Underappreciated Component of a Mother-to-Be's Diet.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Pharmacokinetic Model-Based Control across the Blood-Brain Barrier for Circadian Entrainment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Oral Administration of Egg- and Soy-Derived Lysophosphatidylcholine Mitigated Acetylcholine Depletion in the Brain of Scopolamine-Treated Rats.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Choline supplements: An update.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAdequate intake of choline is essential for growth and homeostasis, but its supply does often not meet requirements. Choline deficiency decreases phosphatidylcholine (PC) and betaine synthesis, resulting in organ pathology, especially of liver, lung, and brain. This is of particular clinical importance in preterm infants and cystic fibrosis patients. We compared four different choline supplements for their impact on plasma concentration and kinetics of choline, betaine as a methyl donor and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) as a marker of bacterial degradation prior to absorption.
methodsProspective randomized cross-over study (1/2020-4/2020) in six healthy adult men. Participants received a single dose of 550 mg/d choline equivalent in the form of choline chloride, choline bitartrate, α-glycerophosphocholine (GPC), and egg-PC in randomized sequence at least 1 week apart. Blood was taken from t = - 0.1-6 h after supplement intake. Choline, betaine, TMAO, and total PC concentrations were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Results are shown as medians and interquartile range.
resultsThere was no difference in the AUC of choline plasma concentrations after intake of the different supplements. Individual plasma kinetics of choline and betaine differed and concentrations peaked latest for PC (at ≈3 h). All supplements similarly increased plasma betaine. All water-soluble supplements rapidly increased TMAO, whereas egg-PC did not.
conclusionAll supplements tested rapidly increased choline and betaine levels to a similar extent, with egg-PC showing the latest peak. Assuming that TMAO may have undesirable effects, egg-PC might be best suited for choline supplementation in adults. STUDY REGISTRATION: This study was registered at "Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien" (DRKS) (German Register for Clinical Studies), 17.01.2020, DRKS00020454.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.