ReviewBJPsych international2021
International experience of hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal) and its relevance to psychiatric research.
Review in BJPsych international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Identifying hub functions and collaboration patterns in hikikomori support networks: A nationwide cross-sectional study.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Social marginalization risk and its negative association with socialising preferences in Japanese gamers.PloS one · 2026Article
- Hikikomori Risk in the UK.The International journal of social psychiatry · 2025Article
- Global psychiatrists' opinions aboutPCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- The paradox of hikikomori through a transcultural lens.BJPsych international · 2025Review
- Pathological and non-pathological hikikomori: social media use, digital engagement, and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Does the Hikikomori Syndrome of Social Withdrawal Exist in Denmark? A Research Request.JMA journal · 2023Article
- The impact of higher levels of autistic traits on risk of hikikomori (pathological social withdrawal) in young adults.PloS one · 2023Article
- An examination of the potential benefits of expert guided physical activity for supporting recovery from extreme social withdrawal: Two case reports focused on the treatment ofFrontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Preliminary study of the social withdrawal (hikikomori) spectrum in French adolescents: focusing on the differences in pathology and related factors compared with Japanese adolescents.BMC psychiatry · 2022Article
- Hikikomori: A Society-Bound Syndrome of Severe Social Withdrawal.Psychiatry and clinical psychopharmacology · 2022Review
- Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Is a Possible Blood Biomarker of Schizoid Personality Traits among Females.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Examining Tweet Content and Engagement of Users With Tweets About Hikikomori in Japanese: Mixed Methods Study of Social Withdrawal.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Article
- Social Withdrawal (Hikikomori) Conditions in China: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- The Correlation between Enjoying Fictional Narratives and Empathy in Japanese Hikikomori.F1000Research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
When prolonged social withdrawal was first described in Japan as 'hikikomori', many studies examining its etiology suggested it to be related to factors unique to Japan and thus a culture-bound syndrome. However, existing research has suffered from a lack of standardised definitions, impeding comparability between studies. We summarise existing research and discuss its relevance to psychiatric practice today.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.