ArticleTropical medicine and infectious disease2021
Measuring Catastrophic Costs Due to Tuberculosis in Myanmar.
Article in Tropical medicine and infectious disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genomic epidemiology of theFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Measuring the catastrophic cost of diagnosis, treatment, care, and support on people and families affected by tuberculosis in Iran and Afghanistan.IJID regions · 2025Article
- The catastrophic cost of TB care: Understanding costs incurred by individuals undergoing TB care in low-, middle-, and high-income settings - A systematic review.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Incidence and determinants of households' catastrophic payments for TB care: evidence from a multi-country trial (EXIT-TB project) implemented in East Africa.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Cost of TB care and equity in distribution of catastrophic TB care costs across income quintiles in India.Global health research and policy · 2024Article
- Impact of integrating traditional care with the modern healthcare system in reducing tuberculosis diagnosis delays in Ethiopia: a clustered randomized controlled study.Tropical medicine and health · 2024Article
- Out-of-pocket payment and catastrophic health expenditure of tuberculosis patients in accessing care at public-private mix clinics in Myanmar, 2022.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2024Article
- TB-related catastrophic costs in Ethiopia.Public health action · 2024Article
- Article
- Catastrophic costs for tuberculosis patients in India: Impact of methodological choices.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Determinants of catastrophic costs among households affected by multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam: a prospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Ending TB in South-East Asia: flagship priority and response transformation.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2023Review
- Post-TB health and wellbeing.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2023Article
- Catastrophic Costs among Tuberculosis-Affected Households in Egypt: Magnitude, Cost Drivers, and Coping Strategies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Holistic Approach to Tuberculosis Detection, Treatment and Prevention: Emerging Evidence and Strategies from the Field.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Strengthening social protection for TB patients: Lessons from COVID-19.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- The fourth national tuberculosis prevalence survey in Myanmar.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis is the first survey to use the World Health Organization (WHO) methodology to document the magnitude and main drivers of tuberculosis (TB) patient costs in order to guide policies on cost mitigation and to produce a baseline measure for the percentage of TB-affected households experiencing catastrophic costs in Myanmar.
methodsA nationally representative cross-sectional survey was administered to 1000 TB patients in health facilities from December 2015 to February 2016, focusing on costs of TB treatment (direct and indirect), household income, and coping strategies. A total cost was estimated for each household by extrapolating reported costs and comparing them to household income. If the proportion of total costs exceeded 20% of the annual household income, a TB-affected household was deemed to have faced catastrophic costs.
results60% of TB-affected households faced catastrophic costs in Myanmar. On average, total costs were USD 759, and the largest proportion of this total was accounted for by patient time (USD 365), followed by food costs (USD 200), and medical expenses (USD 130). Low household wealth quintile and undergoing MDR-TB treatment were both significant predictors for households facing catastrophic costs.
conclusionsThe high proportion of TB-affected households experiencing catastrophic costs suggests the need for TB-specific social protection programs in patient-centered healthcare. The survey findings have led the government and donors to increase support for MDR-TB patients. The significant proportion of total spending attributable to lost income and food or nutritional supplements suggests that income replacement programs and/or food packages may ameliorate the burdensome costs.
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