ReviewPediatric reports2021
Innate Immunity in Children and the Role of ACE2 Expression in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
Review in Pediatric reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Clinical Efficacy of Clear Aligners in Class II Malocclusion: From Pediatric to Adult Cases-A Narrative Review.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- A Histological and Clinical Evaluation of Long-Term Outcomes of Bovine Bone-Derived Xenografts in Oral Surgery: A Systematic Review.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- Symptoms of long COVID in children and adolescents: a scoping review.Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P · 2025Article
- Mild and moderate manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including hospitalization, in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Article
- Comparative Evolutionary Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron Variants in Kuwait.Viruses · 2024Article
- Article
- Sambou Bamboo salt™ down-regulates the expression levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in activated human mast cells.Food science and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Increased breadth and neutralization of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants after infection and vaccination: A serosurveillance study in pediatric patients of Southern Switzerland.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Stratifying Disease Severity in Pediatric COVID-19: A Correlative Study of Serum Biomarkers and Lung Ultrasound-A Retrospective Observational Dual-Center Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- COVID-19 among infants: key clinical features and remaining controversies.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2024Article
- COVID-19 on Oral Health: A New Bilateral Connection for the Pandemic.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Intranasal infection by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants can induce inflammatory brain damage in newly weaned hamsters.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Bacterial Proteases as Potentially Exploitable Modulators of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Logic from the Literature, Informatics, and Inspiration from the Dog.Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2023Article
- Factors influencing viral shedding time in non-severe paediatric infection with the SARS-CoV-2: a single-centre retrospective study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2023Article
- Preserved perception-action integration in adolescents after a COVID-19 infection.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and its effects on the endocrine system.Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism · 2023Review
- Seroepidemiological and Molecular Survey for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Children in Iran, September 2020 to June 2021: 1-Year Cross-Sectional Study.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Article
- Evaluation of qualitative and quantitative taste alterations in COVID-19.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2023Observational
- First Description of Serological Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 in Lactating Cows.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) is an emerging viral disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which leads to severe respiratory infections in humans. The first reports came in December 2019 from the city of Wuhan in the province of Hubei in China. It was immediately clear that children developed a milder disease than adults. The reasons for the milder course of the disease were attributed to several factors: innate immunity, difference in ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme II) receptor expression, and previous infections with other common coronaviruses (CovH). This literature review aims to summarize aspects of innate immunity by focusing on the role of ACE2 expression and viral infections in children in modulating the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles deemed potentially eligible were considered, including those dealing with COVID-19 in children and providing more up-to-date and significant data in terms of epidemiology, prognosis, course, and symptoms, focusing on the etiopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 disease in children. The bibliographic search was conducted using the search engines PubMed and Scopus. The following search terms were entered in PubMed and Scopus: COVID-19 AND ACE2 AND Children; COVID-19 AND Immunity innate AND children. The search identified 857 records, and 18 studies were applicable based on inclusion and exclusion criteria that addressed the issues of COVID-19 concerning the role of ACE2 expression in children. The scientific literature agrees that children develop milder COVID-19 disease than adults. Milder symptomatology could be attributed to innate immunity or previous CovH virus infections, while it is not yet fully understood how the differential expression of ACE2 in children could contribute to milder disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.