ReviewEmerging infectious diseases2021
Comparison of Lyme Disease in the United States and Europe.
Review in Emerging infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 160 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
160 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Differentiating Lyme arthritis: a case-based review.Rheumatology international · 2024Pooled it
- Seroprevalence of Lyme Borreliosis in Europe: Results from a Systematic Literature Review (2005-2020).Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2023Pooled it
- Incidence of Lyme Borreliosis in Europe: A Systematic Review (2005-2020).Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2023Pooled it
- Xenodiagnosis to Search for Borrelia burgdorferi After Antibiotic Treatment of Lyme Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Trial
- Review
- Equine neuroborreliosis in Scandinavia: cerebrospinal fluid PCR confirmation and successful treatment in a mare.Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Many hosts, many solutions: How reservoirs shape Borrelia protein diversity.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- The ecology of Lyme disease: Long-term data, surprises, and a synthesis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Biomarkers of Lyme neuroborreliosis: a systematic review.Infection · 2026Review
- Colonization of 3D-organotypic human skin by the Lyme Disease pathogen,bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Patient-Reported Health-Related Quality of Life Impact and Symptom Severity in Patients with Lyme Borreliosis in the Burden of Lyme Disease (BOLD) Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Fast and efficient Borrelia chromosome recovery from tick samples using whole-genome amplification.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Results from an enhanced surveillance study of laboratory-confirmed acute Lyme disease cases in England between 1 April 2023 and 31 March 2024.Epidemiology and infection · 2026Article
- Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Lyme Arthritis: A Retrospective Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Clinical data on symptomatic cutaneous reinfections due to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Slovenia.Infection · 2026Article
- Citizen Science Tick Observations Serve as an Early Warning System for Tick-Borne Diseases.Zoonoses and public health · 2026Article
- Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato Employs Several Escape Mechanisms to Bypass the Human Defense System.European journal of immunology · 2026Review
- Ecoepidemiological determinants of Borrelia infection in sigmodontine rodents from the Delta and Parana Islands ecoregion, Argentina.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Lyme borreliosis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Pathogens of the Human Central Nervous System- the Major Bacterial Pathogens.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
100 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Lyme disease, or Lyme borreliosis, is the most common tickborne disease in the United States and Europe. In both locations, Ixodes species ticks transmit the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato bacteria species responsible for causing the infection. The diversity of Borrelia species that cause human infection is greater in Europe; the 2 B. burgdorferi s.l. species collectively responsible for most infections in Europe, B. afzelii and B. garinii, are not found in the United States, where most infections are caused by B. burgdorferi sensu stricto. Strain differences seem to explain some of the variation in the clinical manifestations of Lyme disease, which are both minor and substantive, between the United States and Europe. Future studies should attempt to delineate the specific virulence factors of the different species of B. burgdorferi s.l. responsible for these variations in clinical features.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.