ArticleInternational journal of women's health2021
"Anti-COVID-19" Medications, Supplements, and Mental Health Status in Indonesian Mothers with School-Age Children.
Article in International journal of women's health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Attitudes and beliefs regarding the use of herbs and supplementary medications with COVID-19: A systematic review.Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review of self-medication practice during the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for pharmacy practice in supporting public health measures.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence of self-medication during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Chicken liver and eggshell crackers are a safe and affordable animal source food for overcoming micronutrient deficits during pregnancy and lactation in Indonesia: a double-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial (SISTIK Growth Study).BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Trial
- Correlation between maternal depression, anxiety, and stress and the children's oral health status and oral health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026Article
- Prevalence of self-medication with vitamin or mineral supplements in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Nutrient Supplements for Young Children and Mothers' Self Medication with Over-the-Counter Drugs During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Patterns of self-medication and intention to seek pharmacist guidance among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Macao: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Societal influence and psychological distress among Indonesian adults in Java on the early Omicron wave of COVID-19.Future science OA · 2023Article
- Practice and knowledge of dietary supplement consumption among Indonesian adults post-delta wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.F1000Research · 2023Article
- Dietary Supplement Consumption and Mental Health in Indonesian Adults During Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic.Patient preference and adherence · 2023Article
- Out-of-pocket expenditure and catastrophic costs due to COVID-19 in Indonesia: A rapid online survey.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Prevalence and Correlates of Self-Medication Practices for Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Health literacy on COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccinations in Indonesia.F1000Research · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe COVID-19 pandemic affects all aspects of life and might cause stress for vulnerable groups such as mothers with school-age children, both housewives and working mothers. With the uncontrolled circulating information about medications, supplements, and herbs that are believed to treat COVID-19, self-medication and misused might escalate. Therefore, this study aims to determine the consumption of "anti-COVID" agents and the mental health of mothers with school-age children in Indonesia.
methodsOnline questionnaires regarding medications/supplements for COVID-19 prevention and treatment of "anti-COVID" consumption behavior and mental health using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21) were distributed among Indonesian mothers with school-age children. Data (n = 610) were analyzed; descriptive and association between sociodemographic factors, "anti-COVID" medications consumption, and mental health were presented.
resultsA quarter of the respondents were categorized as having mental disorders, with higher scores of DASS-21 was higher in the housewives' group. The incidence associated with age, family expenses, and marital status in the working mothers' group, and only with family expense in the housewives' group. Moreover, the result showed 80% of the respondents consumed "anti-COVID" medications or supplements to prevent COVID-19, with 75% did self-medication without consulting with a healthcare professional. Friends/family and social media were two primary sources of information regarding the "anti-COVID" products. In the housewives' group, their consumption behavior was influenced by education. Meanwhile in the working mothers' group, the consumption behavior was influenced by age, family income, and family expense. In addition, there was no association between the usage of medications/supplements with the respondents' mental health status.
conclusionThis study showed the importance of controlling information and expanding the mother's knowledge to find the correct information to minimize the unwanted effect in the post COVID-19 pandemic. Increasing awareness of mental health issues in the community, especially in the vulnerable population such as mother with school-age children, is necessary to avoid detrimental effects that might occur in the future.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.