Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34285313›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Solar UV-B/A radiation is highly effective in inactivating SARS-CoV-2.

Fabrizio Nicastro, Giorgia Sironi, Elio Antonello, Andrea Bianco, Mara Biasin, John R Brucato, Ilaria Ermolli, Giovanni Pareschi, Marta Salvati, Paolo Tozzi and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
5.1field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Evaluating climate-dependent distribution of orthohantaviruses with monitoring wild rodents: One Health PerspectiveBrazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Measurements of biologically effective solar radiation using erythemal weighted broadband meters.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2024
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Linkages between COVID-19, solar UV radiation, and the Montreal Protocol.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2023
    Article
  7. Observational
  8. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the workplace: Key findings from a rapid review of the literature.Aerosol science and technology : the journal of the American Association for Aerosol Research · 2023
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Impact of Selected Meteorological Factors on COVID-19 Incidence in Southern Finland during 2020-2021.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load Analysis at Low and High Altitude: A Case Study from Ecuador.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
  15. UV and violet light can Neutralize SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity.Journal of photochemistry and photobiology · 2022
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. The Role of Vitamin D in Supporting Health in the COVID-19 Era.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.

Fabrizio NicastroItalian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF)-Rome Astronomical Observatory, Rome, Italy. fabrizio.nicastro@inaf.it.
Giorgia SironiItalian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF)-Brera Astronomical Observatory, Merate, Milan, Italy.
Elio AntonelloItalian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF)-Brera Astronomical Observatory, Merate, Milan, Italy.
Andrea BiancoItalian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF)-Brera Astronomical Observatory, Merate, Milan, Italy.
Mara BiasinDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
John R BrucatoItalian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF)-Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory, Florence, Italy.
Ilaria ErmolliItalian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF)-Rome Astronomical Observatory, Rome, Italy.
Giovanni PareschiItalian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF)-Brera Astronomical Observatory, Merate, Milan, Italy.
Marta SalvatiRegional Agency for Environmental Protection of Lombardia (ARPA Lombardia), Milan, Italy.
Paolo TozziItalian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF)-Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory, Florence, Italy.
Daria TrabattoniDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
Mario ClericiDepartment of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
National Institute for Astrophysics · ITAgenzia Regionale per la Protezione Ambientale del Piemonte · ITArcetri Astrophysical Observatory · ITBrera Astronomical Observatory · ITDon Carlo Gnocchi Foundation · ITLuigi Sacco Hospital · ITUniversity of Milan · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Solar UV-C photons do not reach Earth's surface, but are known to be endowed with germicidal properties that are also effective on viruses. The effect of softer UV-B and UV-A photons, which copiously reach the Earth's surface, on viruses are instead little studied, particularly on single-stranded RNA viruses. Here we combine our measurements of the action spectrum of Covid-19 in response to UV light, Solar irradiation measurements on Earth during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemics, worldwide recorded Covid-19 mortality data and our "Solar-Pump" diffusive model of epidemics to show that (a) UV-B/A photons have a powerful virucidal effect on the single-stranded RNA virus Covid-19 and that (b) the Solar radiation that reaches temperate regions of the Earth at noon during summers, is sufficient to inactivate 63% of virions in open-space concentrations (1.5 × 10

Indexed as

SunlightCOVID-19HumansSARS-CoV-2Seasons

Identifiers

PMID34285313
PMCPMC8292397
OpenAlexW3183764846

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.