Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34285262›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Garlic (Allium sativum)-derived SEVs inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce caspase mediated apoptosis.

İrem Özkan, Polen Koçak, Merve Yıldırım, Naz Ünsal, Hazal Yılmaz, Dilek Telci, Fikrettin Şahin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
68citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

68 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Green nanomedicine for cancer therapy.Chinese medical journal · 2026
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Therapeutic potential of garlic-derived exosome like nanovesicles: challenge and opportunity.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Therapeutic assessment ofFrontiers in oncology · 2026
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review

8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

İrem ÖzkanDepartment of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, 26 Ağustos Campus, Kayisdagi Cad., Kayisdagi, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey.
Polen KoçakDepartment of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, 26 Ağustos Campus, Kayisdagi Cad., Kayisdagi, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey.
Merve YıldırımDepartment of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, 26 Ağustos Campus, Kayisdagi Cad., Kayisdagi, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey.
Naz ÜnsalDepartment of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, 26 Ağustos Campus, Kayisdagi Cad., Kayisdagi, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey.
Hazal YılmazDepartment of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, 26 Ağustos Campus, Kayisdagi Cad., Kayisdagi, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey.
Dilek TelciDepartment of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, 26 Ağustos Campus, Kayisdagi Cad., Kayisdagi, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey.
Fikrettin ŞahinDepartment of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, 26 Ağustos Campus, Kayisdagi Cad., Kayisdagi, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey. fsahin@yeditepe.edu.tr.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

As a key component of the cell-to-cell communication, small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) released from various sources are known to be affecting the physiological conditions of the target cells. Although it has been suggested that edible plant-derived nanoparticles contributes to the cross kingdom communication with the mammalian cells, the effect of these particles on cancer cell progression still needs a further exploration. Here, we isolated and then characterized garlic derived SEVs by nanoparticle tracking analysis, electron microscopy and SEV surface antibodies. In order to investigate anti-cancer property of garlic SEVs A498 human kidney carcinoma, A549 human lung carcinoma were used as cell models along with the normal human dermal fibroblast cell lines. Annexin V/pI staining and analysis of apoptotic mRNA and protein expression levels suggested that garlic SEVs induced apoptosis through activation of intrinsic pathway. Furthermore, angiogenic VEGF protein expression levels significantly decreased in response to SEVs treatment in cancer cells. Our results support that garlic derived SEVs could cause apoptotic cell death among cancer cells while normal cells remain unaffected with the treatment. This study revealed for the first time that plant SEVs possess anti-cancer affects by inducing caspase mediated apoptosis and provided a new alternative for cancer treatment.

Indexed as

A549 CellsApoptosisCarcinoma, Renal CellCaspasesCell CommunicationCell Line, TumorCell ProliferationDown-RegulationExtracellular VesiclesGarlicGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansKidney NeoplasmsLung NeoplasmsVascular Endothelial Growth Factor ACaspasesVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AVEGFA protein, human

Identifiers

PMID34285262
PMCPMC8292337

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.