Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34285100›Full record

SynthesisDiabetes care2021

Bone Mineral Density and Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-analysis.

Phoebe Loxton, Kruthika Narayan, Craig F Munns, Maria E Craig

Open access · bronzeAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Diabetes care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
4.2field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trabecular bone score in adults with type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2024
    Pooled it
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  9. Role of Glycemia, Vitamin D, and Physical Activity in Bone Mineral Density in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2026
    Article
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  13. Dynamics and determinants of long-term quality of life in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: real-world evidence from China.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Phoebe LoxtonSchool of Women's and Child's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Kruthika NarayanInstitute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
Craig F MunnsInstitute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
Maria E CraigSchool of Women's and Child's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia m.craig@unsw.edu.au.ORCID 0000-0001-6004-576X
The University of Sydney · AUUNSW Sydney · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere is substantial evidence that adults with type 1 diabetes have reduced bone mineral density (BMD); however, findings in youth are inconsistent. PURPOSE: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of BMD in youth with type 1 diabetes using multiple modalities: DXA, peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), and/or quantitative ultrasound (QUS). DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2020, limited to humans, without language restriction. STUDY SELECTION: Inclusion criteria were as follows: cross-sectional or cohort studies that included BMD measured by DXA, pQCT, or QUS in youth (aged <20 years) with type 1 diabetes and matched control subjects. DATA EXTRACTION: We collected data for total body, lumbar spine, and femoral BMD (DXA); tibia, radius, and lumbar spine (pQCT); and phalanx and calcaneum (QUS). Weighted mean difference (WMD) or standardized mean difference was estimated and meta-regression was performed with age, diabetes duration, and HbA DATA SYNTHESIS: We identified 1,300 nonduplicate studies; 46 met the inclusion criteria, including 2,617 case and 3,851 control subjects. Mean ± SD age was 12.6 ± 2.3 years. Youth with type 1 diabetes had lower BMD: total body (WMD -0.04 g/cm LIMITATIONS: Meta-analysis was limited by the small number of studies with use of QUS and pQCT and by lack of use of BMD

conclusionsBone development is abnormal in youth with type 1 diabetes, assessed by multiple modalities. Routine assessment of BMD should be considered in all youth with type 1 diabetes.

Indexed as

Bone DensityDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Absorptiometry, PhotonAdolescentAdultAgedChildCross-Sectional StudiesHumansUltrasonography

Identifiers

PMID34285100
PMCPMC8385468
OpenAlexW3186753006

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.