SynthesisThe international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity2021
The effect of leisure time physical activity and sedentary behaviour on the health of workers with different occupational physical activity demands: a systematic review.
Synthesis in The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physical Activity Levels of Early Childhood Educators: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Child: care, health and development · 2026Pooled it
- Leisure participation and mental health among middle-aged and older adults with physical disabilities: a systematic review.Disability and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- Sedentary behaviors and physical activity of the working population measured by accelerometry: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of eHealth Interventions Targeting Employee Health Behaviors: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Pooled it
- Musculoskeletal pain and sedentary behaviour in occupational and non-occupational settings: a systematic review with meta-analysis.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2021Pooled it
- Associations of Sedentary Time with Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Effectiveness of a Blended Intervention to Promote Physical Activity Among Office Employees: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Trial
- Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Time Spent Sitting and Risk of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study in Puglia.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Trial
- Work stress, physical work demands, and device-measured physical activity: independent and joint associations with cardiovascular disease risk.Annals of work exposures and health · 2026Article
- Exercise Participation and Clinical Characteristics of Desk-Based Workers with Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain Exposed to Increased Ergonomic Risk: A Cross-Sectional Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Differential Associations of Occupational and Total Physical Activity with Sleep Quality Among Adults in the United Arab Emirates: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Development of a Blended Physical Activity Intervention for Office Employees Using Intervention Mapping: Intervention Development Study.JMIR human factors · 2026Article
- The Effects of Occupational and Leisure Time Physical Activity on Health-Related Quality of Life: A Repeated-Measures Longitudinal Study.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Association between the type of physical activity and osteoarthritis in adults: a cross-sectional study.Rheumatology international · 2026Article
- Differential dose-response associations of leisure-time and non-leisure-time physical activity with perceived stress in middle-aged and older adults.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The physical activity health paradox: what is it, why might it happen, and where to go from here?The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Review
- Asparagine depletion mediates high-intensity exercise induced cardiac injury: translational evidence from metabolomics and Mendelian randomization.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with happiness in Japanese worker types of occupational activity requirements.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Guangdong Biobank Cohort (GDBC) study.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- How does high-density built-environment affect the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus.iScience · 2026Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough it is generally accepted that physical activity reduces the risk for chronic non-communicable disease and mortality, accumulating evidence suggests that occupational physical activity (OPA) may not confer the same health benefits as leisure time physical activity (LTPA). It is also unclear if workers in high OPA jobs benefit from LTPA the same way as those in sedentary jobs. Our objective was to determine whether LTPA and leisure time sedentary behaviour (LTSB) confer the same health effects across occupations with different levels of OPA.
methodsSearches were run in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, ProQuest Public Health and Scopus from inception to June 9, 2020. Prospective or experimental studies which examined the effects of LTPA or LTSB on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal pain, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, arrhythmias and depression among adult workers grouped by OPA (low OPA/sitters, standers, moderate OPA/intermittent movers, high OPA/heavy labourers) were eligible. Results were synthesized using narrative syntheses and harvest plots, and certainty of evidence assessed with GRADE.
resultsThe review includes 38 papers. Across all outcomes, except cardiovascular mortality, metabolic syndrome and atrial fibrillation, greater LTPA was consistently protective among low OPA, but conferred less protection among moderate and high OPA. For cardiovascular mortality and metabolic syndrome, higher levels of LTPA were generally associated with similar risk reductions among all OPA groups. Few studies examined effects in standers and none examined effects of LTSB across OPA groups.
conclusionsEvidence suggests that LTPA is beneficial for all workers, but with larger risk reductions among those with low compared to high OPA jobs. This suggests that, in our attempts to improve the health of workers through LTPA, tailored interventions for different occupational groups may be required. More high-quality studies are needed to establish recommended levels of LTPA/LTSB for different OPA groups. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO # CRD42020191708 .
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.