SynthesisThe Journal of international medical research2021
Global prevalence of long-term neurodevelopmental impairment following extremely preterm birth: a systematic literature review.
Synthesis in The Journal of international medical research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Prevalence of preterm birth in Scandinavian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of international medical research · 2023Pooled it
- Midline Head Position for Preterm Infants in the First 72 h: A Pilot Randomised Control Trial.Journal of paediatrics and child health · 2025Trial
- Parent-child interaction after home-visiting intervention for children born extremely preterm-A randomised clinical trial.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Trial
- Optimistic vs Pessimistic Message Framing in Communicating Prognosis to Parents of Very Preterm Infants: The COPE Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Article
- Surveillance for neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in high-risk neonates: a cohort study at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Impact of Prematurity on Nutrient Signaling and Protein Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle.Annual review of nutrition · 2026Review
- Developing a Music-Based Mobile Health Intervention for Parents and Staff in Neonatal Care and Beyond: Online Focus Group Study.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2026Article
- Early Nutrition as a Modulator of Neurodevelopment via the Gut Microbiota in Preterm Neonates.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Telehealth Delivery of the Homeostasis-Enrichment-Plasticity Approach for Premature Infants With Developmental Risks: Exploratory Feasibility Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Prolonged cerebral oxygenation surveillance with algorithm-based management: a neurocritical care bundle for extremely preterm infants.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2026Article
- Alpha-adrenergic mediated changes in blood pressure variability after hypoxia-ischaemia in preterm fetal sheep.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Preterm birth skews the developmental trajectory of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the first 48 hours of life: single-cell transcriptomics and inferred intercellular communication.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Impact of cerebral oxygenation-guided resuscitation during immediate postnatal transition on brain injury and brain growth detected by MRI in very preterm neonates: a secondary outcome analysis of the multicenter randomized phase 3 clinical COSGOD III trial.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- A machine learning-based risk prediction model for early preterm birth: development and prospective validation.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Mortality and Neurodevelopmental Outcome in an Italian Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
- Severity of punctate white matter lesions in preterm infants: antecedents and cerebral palsy prediction.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- A Compassion-Focused Approach to Support Parents After Preterm Birth.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2025Review
- The predictive role of uterine electromyography in delivery before 28 weeks of gestation after transvaginal cervical cerclage.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveNeurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) is a major complication of extreme prematurity. This systematic review was conducted to summarize the worldwide long-term prevalence of NDI associated with extreme prematurity.
methodsEmbase and MEDLINE databases were searched for epidemiologic and observational/real-world studies, published in English between 2011 and 2016, reporting long-term prevalence of NDI (occurring from 1 year) among extremely preterm infants born at gestational age (GA) ≤28 weeks.
resultsOf 2406 articles identified through searches, 69 met the protocol NDI definition (24 North America, 25 Europe, 20 Rest of World). Prevalence of any severity NDI in North America was 8%-59% at 18 months to 2 years, and 11%-37% at 2-5 years; prevalence of moderate NDI in Europe was 10%-13% at 18 months to 2 years, 3% at 2-5 years, and 9%-19% at ≥5 years; prevalence of any NDI in Rest of World was 15%-61% at 18 months to 2 years, and 42% at 2-5 years (no North America/Rest of World studies reported any NDI at ≥5 years). A trend toward higher prevalence of NDI with lower GA at birth was observed.
conclusionsExtreme prematurity has a significant long-term worldwide impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Registered trials
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