Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34284331›Full record

ReviewPhysica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)2021

Advances in micro-CT imaging of small animals.

D P Clark, C T Badea

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
63citing papers in PubMed
5.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

63 citing papers in PubMed, 115 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Head of the Syrian Hamster (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Fracture Hunting in Ruby-Throated Hummingbirds (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
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  19. The State of High-Resolution Imaging of the Human Inner Ear: A Look Into the Black Box.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
  20. Article

3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

D P ClarkQuantitative Imaging and Analysis Lab, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
C T BadeaQuantitative Imaging and Analysis Lab, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States. Electronic address: https://sites.duke.edu/qial.
Duke Medical Center · USDuke University · US

Funding

The Duke Preclinical Research Resources for Quantitative Imaging BiomarkersU24CA220245 · NCI · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI BADEA, CRISTIAN T · 2017 to 2021
$2.8M
Development of a New Generation Micro-CT imaging for Functional and Molecular Imaging of CancerR01CA196667 · NCI · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI BADEA, CRISTIAN T · 2015 to 2019
$2.3M
Cardiac photon counting CT and its application in studying interactions between Alzheimer's and heart diseaseRF1AG070149 · NIA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI BADEA, CRISTIAN T · 2021 to 2022
$2.1M
Multiorgan Photon Counting CT and Machine Learning to Elucidate Aging Mechanisms and InterventionsR01AG070149 · NIA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI CRISTIAN T BADEA, Alexandra Badea · 2024 to 2026
$2.1M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA196667NCI NIH HHS U24 CA220245NIA NIH HHS R01 AG070149NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG070149
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeMicron-scale computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging is a ubiquitous, cost-effective, and non-invasive three-dimensional imaging modality. We review recent developments and applications of micro-CT for preclinical research.

methodsBased on a comprehensive review of recent micro-CT literature, we summarize features of state-of-the-art hardware and ongoing challenges and promising research directions in the field.

resultsRepresentative features of commercially available micro-CT scanners and some new applications for both in vivo and ex vivo imaging are described. New advancements include spectral scanning using dual-energy micro-CT based on energy-integrating detectors or a new generation of photon-counting x-ray detectors (PCDs). Beyond two-material discrimination, PCDs enable quantitative differentiation of intrinsic tissues from one or more extrinsic contrast agents. When these extrinsic contrast agents are incorporated into a nanoparticle platform (e.g. liposomes), novel micro-CT imaging applications are possible such as combined therapy and diagnostic imaging in the field of cancer theranostics. Another major area of research in micro-CT is in x-ray phase contrast (XPC) imaging. XPC imaging opens CT to many new imaging applications because phase changes are more sensitive to density variations in soft tissues than standard absorption imaging. We further review the impact of deep learning on micro-CT. We feature several recent works which have successfully applied deep learning to micro-CT data, and we outline several challenges specific to micro-CT.

conclusionsAll of these advancements establish micro-CT imaging at the forefront of preclinical research, able to provide anatomical, functional, and even molecular information while serving as a testbench for translational research.

Indexed as

Contrast MediaPhotonsAnimalsPhantoms, ImagingTomography Scanners, X-Ray ComputedX-Ray MicrotomographyContrast MediaContrast agentsDeep learningMicro-CTNanoparticlesPhase contrastPhoton counting detectorPreclinicalSpectral CTTheranostics

Identifiers

PMID34284331
PMCPMC8447222
OpenAlexW3186309796

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.