ArticlePloS one2021
COVID-19 cumulative incidence, asymptomatic infections, and fatality in Long Island, NY, January-August 2020: A cohort of World Trade Center responders.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- White matter microstructural abnormalities in neurological poste-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease: Imaging signatures consistent with persistent neuroinflammation.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Article
- Glial activation among individuals with neurological post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019: A positron emission tomography study of brain fog using [Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Characterization of Change in Cognition Before and After COVID-19 Infection in Essential Workers at Midlife.American journal of medicine open · 2024Article
- Incidence of Dementia Before Age 65 Years Among World Trade Center Attack Responders.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Polygenic risk scores for asthma and allergic disease associate with COVID-19 severity in 9/11 responders.PloS one · 2023Article
- Rates of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection and Associated Factors in Olmsted County, Minnesota, in the Prevaccination Era.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes · 2022Article
- Risk Factors for COVID-19 in a Retired FDNY WTC-Exposed Cohort.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The Impact of World Trade Center Related Medical Conditions on the Severity of COVID-19 Disease and Its Long-Term Sequelae.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Cellular and Humoral Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Multiple Sclerosis Patients on Ocrelizumab and Other Disease-Modifying Therapies: A Multi-Ethnic Observational Study.Annals of neurology · 2022Observational
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Abstract
backgroundNew York City and Long Island, NY were early foci of the COVID-19 epidemic in the US. The effects of COVID-19 on different sub-populations, and its key epidemiologic parameters remain unknown or highly uncertain. We investigated the epidemiology of COVID-19 from January to August of 2020 in an established academic monitoring cohort of N = 9,697 middle-aged World Trade Center responders residing in Long Island, NY.
methodsA seroprevalence survey and a series of cross-sectional surveys were nested in a prospective cohort study. Measures included IgG antibody testing, SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, review of electronic medical records, and surveys of symptoms. Correlates of infection were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression.
resultsThe cohort was predominantly men in their mid-fifties; 6,597 cohort members were successfully contacted (68%); 1,042 (11%) individuals participated in the seroprevalence survey; and 369 individuals (5.6% of 6,597 study participants) underwent PCR testing. The estimated standardized cumulative incidence was 21.9% (95%CI: 20.1-23.9%), the asymptomatic proportion was 16.4% (36/219; 95%CI: 11.8-22.0%), the case hospitalization ratio was 9.4% (36/385; 95%CI: 6.6-12.7%), the case fatality ratio was 1.8% (7/385; 95%CI: 0.7-3.7%), and the hospitalization fatality ratio was 8.3% (3/36; 95%CI: 1.8-22.5%). Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with younger age, race/ethnicity, and being currently employed.
conclusionsThe results of the present study suggest a high cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 among WTC responders in the spring and summer of 2020 and contribute to narrowing the plausible range of the proportion of infections that exhibit no symptoms. An increased risk of infection among younger employed individuals is likely to reflect a higher probability of exposure to the virus, and the racial disparities in the infection risk warrant further investigation.
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