ArticleGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2021
In vivo corneal confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography on eyes of participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obese participants without diabetes.
Article in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Tear function in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Tear Film Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Methods for the evaluation of corneal nerve fibres in diabetes mellitus by in vivo confocal microscopy: a scoping review.BMJ open · 2025Article
- In vivo corneal confocal microscopy as a non-invasive test to assess obesity induced small fibre nerve damage and inflammation.Eye (London, England) · 2023Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposesTo examine corneal nerve and retinal nerve characteristics of participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared with obese participants without diabetes to discover potential nerve vulnerabilities.
methodsAll participants underwent a complete medical examination including a physical examination and blood sample tests. The ophthalmologic examination included best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, Schirmer test, tear film breakup time, slit-lamp examination, dilated fundus photography, in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (IVCCM), and optical coherence tomography (OCT).
resultsThe study cohort consisted of 83 eyes of 83 individuals: a group of 44 participants with T2DM, and a control group of 39 obese participants with no history of diabetes. Comparing measurements on the two groups, participants with T2DM had lower values with statistical significance for retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) nasal superior thickness (p = 0.010) and three corneal nerve (CN) parameters: fiber length (p = 0.025), total branch density (p = 0.013), and fiber area (p = 0.009). There was a borderline significant difference in CN fiber width (p = 0.051) and RNFL nasal inferior thickness (p = 0.056). No other significant differences were observed in the IVCCM and OCT parameters. No statistically significant correlation was found between CN and RNFL parameters.
conclusionsProgression from a pre-diabetic obese state to a T2DM condition might entail a loss or diminishment of certain corneal nerve fibers or retinal nerve fibers, but not necessarily a loss of both corneal and retinal nerve fibers simultaneously. Using IVCCM and OCT together enables monitoring of both corneal and retinal health of the eye.
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