ArticleRheumatology (Oxford, England)2022
Axonal dysfunction is associated with interferon-γ levels in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a multivoxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Article in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Elevated serum brain injury markers are associated with disease activity, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and cognitive dysfunction in adolescents with childhood-onset SLE.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- Insights into the pathogenesis of childhood-onset SLE in the past decade.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Children: A Scoping Review.Open access rheumatology : research and reviews · 2026Review
- Biomarkers in Pediatric Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Immune cell aberrations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: navigating the targeted therapies toward precision management.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Review
- Neuropsychiatric manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's disease.Autoimmunity reviews · 2025Review
- Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (cSLE): An International Perspective.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2024Review
- Cognitive dysfunction in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus: current knowledge and future directions.Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAxonal/neuronal damage has been shown to be a pathological finding that precedes neuropsychiatric manifestations in SLE. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of axonal dysfunction in childhood-onset SLE patients (cSLE) and to determine clinical, immunological and treatment features associated with its occurrence.
methodsWe included 86 consecutive cSLE patients [median age 17 (range 5-28) years] and 71 controls [median age 18 (5-28) years]. We performed proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging using point resolved spectroscopy sequence over the superior-posterior region of the corpus callosum and signals from N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-based (CHO), creatine-containing (Cr), myo-inositol (mI), glutamate, glutamine and lactate were measured and metabolites/Cr ratios were determined. Complete clinical, laboratory and neurological evaluations were performed in all subjects. Serum IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, TNF-α and INF-γ cytokine levels, antiribosomal P protein antibodies (anti-P) and S100β were measured by ELISA using commercial kits. Data were compared by non-parametric tests.
resultsNAA/Cr ratios (P = 0.035) and lactate/Cr ratios (P = 0.019) were significantly decreased in cSLE patients when compared with controls. In multivariate analysis, IFN-γ levels [odds ratio (OR) = 4.1; 95% CI: 2.01, 7.9] and depressive symptoms (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.2) were associated with NAA/Cr ratio. Increased CHO/Cr was associated with the presence of cognitive impairment (OR = 3.4; 95% CI: 2.034, 5.078; P < 0.001). mI/Cr ratio correlated with cumulative glucocorticoids dosage (r = 0.361, P = 0.014).
conclusionNAA and CHO ratios may be useful as biomarkers in neuropsychiatric cSLE. Longitudinal studies are necessary to determine whether they predict structural damage.
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Registered trials
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