Observational studyScientific reports2021
Frequency and phenotype of headache in covid-19: a study of 2194 patients.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05704335 (INFLUENCEF STUDY), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
INFLUENCEF STUDY: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Clinical Phenotype of Headache Associated With Influenza Infection
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Topographical Distribution of Neuroanatomical Abnormalities Following COVID-19 Invasion : A Systematic Literature Review.Clinical neuroradiology · 2024Pooled it
- COVID-19 Vaccination Modifies COVID-19-Related Headache Phenotype: Evidence from Case-Control Study on 309 Participants.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Patterns of Past COVID-19 and EBV Infection in Primary Headache Disorders: A Population Study.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Headache Associated with COVID-19.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- The Impact of Long COVID on the Quality of Life.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Observational
- Incidence and prevalence of headache in influenza: A 2010-2021 surveillance-based study.European journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Acute and Preventive Treatment of COVID-19-Related Headache: A Series of 100 Patients.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- [Interdisciplinary multimodal pain therapy in postviral syndromes and ME/CFS : Features, pitfalls and model concept].Schmerz (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Review
- Differences and similarities between COVID-19 related-headache and COVID-19 vaccine related-headache. A case-control study.Revista de neurologia · 2023Article
- Serum alpha-CGRP levels are increased in COVID-19 patients with headache indicating an activation of the trigeminal system.BMC neurology · 2023Article
- COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: A Cameo Role for Headache.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Structural brain changes in patients with persistent headache after COVID-19 resolution.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Headache in long COVID as disabling condition: A clinical approach.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- A comparison study of headache characteristics and headache-associated quality-of-life of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients.Narra J · 2022Article
- Headaches and Dizziness as Disabling, Persistent Symptoms in Patients with Long COVID-A National Multicentre Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Association of Acute Headache of COVID-19 and Anxiety/Depression Symptoms in Adults Undergoing Post-COVID-19 Rehabilitation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Protracted headache after COVID-19: A case series of 31 patients from a tertiary headache center.Headache · 2022Article
- Headache associated with COVID-19: Epidemiology, characteristics, pathophysiology, and management.Headache · 2022Review
- Headache, anosmia, ageusia and other neurological symptoms in COVID-19: a cross-sectional study.The journal of headache and pain · 2022Article
- Neurologic complications of coronavirus and other respiratory viral infections.Handbook of clinical neurology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To estimate the frequency of headache in patients with confirmed COVID-19 and characterize the phenotype of headache attributed to COVID-19, comparing patients depending on the need of hospitalization and sex, an observational study was done. We systematically screened all eligible patients from a reference population of 261,431 between March 8 (first case) and April 11, 2020. A physician administered a survey assessing demographic and clinical data and the phenotype of the headache. During the study period, 2194 patients out of the population at risk were diagnosed with COVID-19. Headache was described by 514/2194 patients (23.4%, 95% CI 21.7-25.3%), including 383/1614 (23.7%) outpatients and 131/580 (22.6%) inpatients. The headache phenotype was studied in detail in 458 patients (mean age, 51 years; 72% female; prior history of headache, 49%). Headache was the most frequent first symptom of COVID-19. Median headache onset was within 24 h, median duration was 7 days and persisted after 1 month in 13% of patients. Pain was bilateral (80%), predominantly frontal (71%), with pressing quality (75%), of severe intensity. Systemic symptoms were present in 98% of patients. Headache frequency and phenotype was similar in patients with and without need for hospitalization and when comparing male and female patients, being more intense in females.Trial registration: This study was supported by the Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), code 07.04.467804.74011 and Regional Health Administration, Gerencia Regional de Salud, Castilla y Leon (GRS: 2289/A/2020).
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