ArticleInternational journal of spine surgery2021
Is Preexisting Cervical Degeneration a Risk Factor for Poor Prognosis in Whiplash-Associated Disorder?
Article in International journal of spine surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Whiplash-associated injuries in medicolegal contexts: a review of imaging findings and a pictorial essay.Neuroradiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Proprioceptive Cervicogenic Dizziness Care Trajectories in Patient Subpopulations: A Scoping Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe term
methodsA comprehensive search of the literature was performed. Nine studies were identified, including 894 patients, with an age range between 16 and 76 years.
resultsA statistically significant association was found between moderate facet joint degeneration and nonrecovery. Although no association was established between isolated disc degeneration and nonrecovery, total cervical degeneration (facet joint + disc degeneration) was shown to correlate with nonrecovery.All included studies demonstrated the lack of correlation between preexisting disc degeneration and clinical outcomes. Four studies showed a significant correlation between cervical degeneration and poor prognosis following whiplash injury. A significantly higher proportion of patients who remained symptomatic at 2 years following a whiplash injury had preexisting degenerative changes.
conclusionsThis review highlights the presence of significant variability in the existing literature concerning WAD in terms of study methodology, definitions of cervical degeneration, and outcome measures. Degenerative changes of the facet joint lead to alterations in its biomechanics. Several cadaveric, biomechanical, and clinical studies have demonstrated facet joints as a source of pain in patients with chronic WAD. We present moderate evidence to suggest that preexisting facet joint degeneration is a negative prognostic indicator for long-lasting symptoms in WAD. Conversely, preexisting disc degeneration is not associated with chronicity of WAD symptoms. We propose facet joint instability due to facet joint capsule rupture as a potential mechanism for nonrecovery. Further studies are needed to inform our knowledge of the long-term sequelae of WAD among patients with preexisting cervicalspine degeneration.
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